Wang Yan, Zhang Xueqin, Wang Xu, Li Ju, Wang Kai
Department of Rehabilitation, The affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China.
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China.
PLoS One. 2025 Aug 29;20(8):e0330959. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0330959. eCollection 2025.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid that plays essential roles in calcium homeostasis, bone metabolism, and numerous other physiological processes. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risk of various diseases and mortality. However, population-based studies examining the relationship between vitamin D and mortality across different age groups remain limited.
To investigate the correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, vitamin D status, and mortality in a cohort of 47,478 individuals aged 18-85 years.
Higher 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower mortality risk. Compared to the vitamin D deficiency group, the Hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality were 0.71 (95%CI: 0.66-0.76) in the insufficiency group and 0.64 (95%CI: 0.58-0.70) in the sufficiency group. The association varied by age: strongest in adults aged 40-59 years (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.65-0.85), significant in those ≥60 years (HR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.82-0.90), but non-significant in those aged 18-39 years. The RCS analysis revealed a non-linear relationship between 25(OH)D and mortality, with significant risk reduction observed between 59.25-261.45 nmol/L for the overall population. The optimal 25(OH)D levels (lowest HR) varied by subgroups: 96.81 nmol/L for the overall population, 102.9 nmol/L for females, 67 nmol/L for ages 40-59, and 104.23 nmol/L for ages ≥60 years, while no significant association was found in ages 18-39 years.
Our findings suggest that Vitamin D are associated with mortality among the whole population. Individuals aged 40-59 may derive potential benefits from vitamin D supplementation.
维生素D是一种脂溶性类固醇激素，在钙稳态、骨代谢及许多其他生理过程中发挥着重要作用。维生素D缺乏与多种疾病风险增加及死亡率升高相关。然而，基于人群研究不同年龄组维生素D与死亡率之间关系的研究仍然有限。
在一个47478名年龄在18至85岁的队列中，研究25-羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]水平、维生素D状态与死亡率之间的相关性。
较高的25(OH)D水平与较低的死亡风险相关。与维生素D缺乏组相比，维生素D不足组全因死亡率的风险比（HR）为0.71（95%CI：0.66-0.76），充足组为0.64（95%CI：0.58-0.70）。这种关联因年龄而异：在40至59岁成年人中最强（HR：0.74，95%CI：0.65-0.85），在60岁及以上人群中显著（HR：0.86，95%CI：0.82-0.90），但在18至39岁人群中不显著。RCS分析显示25(OH)D与死亡率之间存在非线性关系，总体人群中在59.25至261.45 nmol/L之间观察到显著的风险降低。最佳25(OH)D水平（最低HR）因亚组而异：总体人群为96.81 nmol/L，女性为102.9 nmol/L，40至59岁为67 nmol/L，60岁及以上为104.23 nmol/L，而在18至39岁人群中未发现显著关联。
我们的研究结果表明，维生素D与总体人群的死亡率相关。40至59岁的个体可能从补充维生素D中获得潜在益处。
