Gong Ping, Zhou Yuan, Gao Daoyu, Wan Pingmin, Shao Zhiyong, Jin Erguang
Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R.China.
PLoS One. 2025 Aug 29;20(8):e0328055. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0328055. eCollection 2025.
Composting is a transformation and biodegradation process that converts organic biomass into valuable products while also removing antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Promoting lignocellulose biodegradation is essential for enhancing composting efficiency and improving the quality of compost derived from agricultural organic waste. This study aims to explore the effects of cellulase and xylanase on the composting process of cow manure, with a focus on their impact on key physicochemical properties, microbial communities, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs).
Dairy manure compost was carried out for 30 days with cellulase and xylanase treatment. The physicochemical characteristics (pH, organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), germination index (GI), humic acid (HA), and fulvic acid (FA)) of the compost samples were measured, along with enzymatic activities, including cellulase activity (CA), urease activity (UA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and dehydrogenase activity (DHA). Furthermore, bacterial communities and ARGs were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR. Additionally, network properties, redundancy analysis, and variation partitioning analysis were conducted.
Enzyme additions significantly enhanced composting efficiency, which improved temperature regulation and increased nitrogen content. Cellulase notably accelerated the degradation of organic matter, enhanced microbial diversity, and reduced ARG abundance, while xylanase played a crucial role in stabilizing pH and temperature during the later stages, facilitating nitrogen retention and compost maturity. Additionally, microbial community dynamics were closely linked to ARG patterns, indicating that enzymatic treatments can optimize composting processes while mitigating the spread of resistance genes.
The findings highlight the complementary roles of these enzymes in improving composting outcomes and suggest strategies for sustainable waste management. These findings provide valuable insights for improving the composting efficiency and quality of compost derived from agricultural organic waste.
堆肥是一个将有机生物质转化为有价值产品的转化和生物降解过程，同时还能去除抗微生物耐药基因（ARG）。促进木质纤维素的生物降解对于提高堆肥效率和改善源自农业有机废弃物的堆肥质量至关重要。本研究旨在探讨纤维素酶和木聚糖酶对牛粪堆肥过程的影响，重点关注它们对关键理化性质、微生物群落和抗生素耐药基因（ARG）的影响。
对奶牛粪便进行30天的堆肥处理，并添加纤维素酶和木聚糖酶。测定堆肥样品的理化特性（pH值、有机质（OM）、总氮（TN）、有效氮（AN）、发芽指数（GI）、腐殖酸（HA）和富里酸（FA）），以及酶活性，包括纤维素酶活性（CA）、脲酶活性（UA）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和脱氢酶活性（DHA）。此外，使用16S rRNA基因测序和高通量定量PCR分析细菌群落和ARG。另外，进行了网络特性、冗余分析和变异分配分析。
添加酶显著提高了堆肥效率，改善了温度调节并增加了氮含量。纤维素酶显著加速了有机质的降解，增强了微生物多样性，并降低了ARG丰度，而木聚糖酶在后期阶段对稳定pH值和温度起到了关键作用，促进了氮的保留和堆肥成熟。此外，微生物群落动态与ARG模式密切相关，表明酶处理可以优化堆肥过程，同时减轻耐药基因的传播。
研究结果突出了这些酶在改善堆肥结果方面的互补作用，并提出了可持续废物管理策略。这些发现为提高源自农业有机废弃物的堆肥效率和质量提供了有价值的见解。
