Kogilathota Jagirdhar Gowthami Sai, Okafor Chiamaka C, Hussain Muhammad, Elmati Praveen Reddy, Ghumman Aleena, Shah Mehul, Surani Salim
Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Michaels Medical Center, Newark, NJ 07104, United States.
Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, United States.
World J Crit Care Med. 2025 Sep 9;14(3):101856. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v14.i3.101856.
The Sengstaken-Blakemore tube (SB tube), introduced in the 1950s, was a pivotal device for managing acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, particularly from esophageal varices. This multi-lumen tube, featuring esophageal and gastric balloons, applied mechanical pressure to control bleeding and provided a temporary solution until more definitive treatments could be employed. It was historically significant in resource-limited settings where advanced endoscopic options were unavailable, enabling patient stabilization and transfer to specialized centers. However, the advent of GI endoscopy and its increased availability has rendered the SB tube obsolete. SB tubes are associated with complications, including esophageal perforation, aspiration pneumonia, and gastric ulceration. Additionally, the tube can cause significant discomfort, and its migration may lead to inadequate. Techniques such as endoscopic variceal ligation and endoscopic sclerotherapy offer superior precision, efficacy, and safety for managing variceal bleeding. Improved hospital transfer protocols now facilitate prompt endoscopic or surgical interventions, reducing the need for temporary measures like the SB tube. Additionally, advancements in pharmacological treatments, including vasoactive drugs, reliance on mechanical compression devices. While the SB tube remains an important historical artifact, its role in current medical practice reflecting safer and more effective treatment options in emergency GI care. This review discusses the declining role of the Sengstaken -Blakemore tube and its replacement by current intervention methods.
森斯塔肯-布莱克莫尔管（SB管）于20世纪50年代问世，是管理急性胃肠道（GI）出血，特别是食管静脉曲张出血的关键设备。这种多腔管带有食管气囊和胃气囊，通过施加机械压力来控制出血，并在可以采用更确切的治疗方法之前提供临时解决方案。在没有先进内镜选择的资源有限的环境中，它在历史上具有重要意义，能够使患者病情稳定并转至专科中心。然而，GI内镜检查的出现及其可用性的提高已使SB管过时。SB管会引发并发症，包括食管穿孔、吸入性肺炎和胃溃疡。此外，该管会引起严重不适，其移位可能导致治疗不足。诸如内镜下静脉曲张结扎术和内镜硬化疗法等技术在管理静脉曲张出血方面具有更高的精确度、疗效和安全性。现在改进的医院转运方案有助于迅速进行内镜或手术干预，减少了对SB管等临时措施的需求。此外，包括血管活性药物在内的药物治疗的进展，减少了对机械压迫装置的依赖。虽然SB管仍然是一个重要的历史文物，但其在当前医疗实践中的作用已被反映在急诊GI护理中更安全、更有效的治疗选择所取代。本综述讨论了森斯塔肯-布莱克莫尔管的作用下降及其被当前干预方法所取代的情况。
