Dayilim Josephine Abbas, Dashen Michael Macvren, Ngene Anayochukwu Chibuike, Ohaegbu Chinedu Godspower, Egbere Otumala John
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
GMS Hyg Infect Control. 2025 Jul 9;20:Doc36. doi: 10.3205/dgkh000565. eCollection 2025.
The quality of sachet water is increasingly concerning due to the rapid growth of production industries and high consumption rates. Therefore, this study evaluated the bacteriological hazards and critical control points (CCPs) in the production of sachet water in nine factories within Jos metropolis.
Water samples were collected at various production stages and analyzed for total viable bacteria, coliform, and counts. Aerial bacterial loads in each factory were also assessed. Bacterial isolates were identified using morphological, microscopic, biochemical features, and Analytical Profile Index (API) kits. Physico-chemical properties of the water products were also evaluated.
The finished water samples contained 1.36 to 2.2×10 colony forming units (cfu)/ml, coliform 1.26 to 2.6×10 cfu/ml, and 1.00 to 1.98×10 cfu/ml, all exceeding WHO/NIS (Nigerian Standard) standards. The most prevalent bacterial isolates included (29.63%) and (20.37%), among others. The physico-chemical parameters conformed to standards. However, the presence of pathogens indicated all 12 bacterial isolates as hazards.
Seven out of ten production stages were identified as CCPs. The study concluded that all water samples from the nine factories were unfit for human consumption due to high bacteriological loads and the presence of pathogens. Stringent quality control measures, ongoing monitoring of production activities, and adherence to CCPs are recommended to meet WHO/NIS and NAFDAC (National Agency for food and Drug Administration and Control) standards.
由于生产行业的快速发展和高消费率,袋装水的质量问题日益受到关注。因此,本研究评估了乔斯市九个工厂袋装水生产过程中的细菌危害和关键控制点(CCP)。
在不同生产阶段采集水样,分析总活菌数、大肠菌群和计数。还评估了每个工厂的空气细菌负荷。使用形态学、显微镜检查、生化特征和分析谱指数(API)试剂盒鉴定细菌分离株。还评估了水产品的理化性质。
成品水样中总活菌数为1.36至2.2×10菌落形成单位(cfu)/毫升,大肠菌群为1.26至2.6×10 cfu/毫升,为1.00至1.98×10 cfu/毫升,均超过世界卫生组织/尼日利亚标准(NIS)标准。最常见的细菌分离株包括(29.63%)和(20.37%)等。理化参数符合标准。然而,病原体的存在表明所有12种细菌分离株均为危害因素。
十个生产阶段中有七个被确定为关键控制点。研究得出结论,由于细菌负荷高和病原体的存在,九个工厂的所有水样均不适合人类消费。建议采取严格的质量控制措施,持续监测生产活动,并遵守关键控制点,以符合世界卫生组织/尼日利亚标准和尼日利亚食品药品管理局(NAFDAC)标准。