Bacteriological hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) assessment of sachet drinking water processing in some factories within Jos metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND

The quality of sachet water is increasingly concerning due to the rapid growth of production industries and high consumption rates. Therefore, this study evaluated the bacteriological hazards and critical control points (CCPs) in the production of sachet water in nine factories within Jos metropolis.

METHOD

Water samples were collected at various production stages and analyzed for total viable bacteria, coliform, and counts. Aerial bacterial loads in each factory were also assessed. Bacterial isolates were identified using morphological, microscopic, biochemical features, and Analytical Profile Index (API) kits. Physico-chemical properties of the water products were also evaluated.

RESULTS

The finished water samples contained 1.36 to 2.2×10 colony forming units (cfu)/ml, coliform 1.26 to 2.6×10 cfu/ml, and 1.00 to 1.98×10 cfu/ml, all exceeding WHO/NIS (Nigerian Standard) standards. The most prevalent bacterial isolates included (29.63%) and (20.37%), among others. The physico-chemical parameters conformed to standards. However, the presence of pathogens indicated all 12 bacterial isolates as hazards.

CONCLUSION

Seven out of ten production stages were identified as CCPs. The study concluded that all water samples from the nine factories were unfit for human consumption due to high bacteriological loads and the presence of pathogens. Stringent quality control measures, ongoing monitoring of production activities, and adherence to CCPs are recommended to meet WHO/NIS and NAFDAC (National Agency for food and Drug Administration and Control) standards.