Advances in sequencing techniques have revealed extreme chromosomal diversity and underscored the importance of chromoanagenesis in macroevolution, speciation, and the context of cancer and tumor progression. Evolution is essential for adapting to the environment, preparing for future pressures, ensuring survival, and generating diversity. Here, we discuss some events like chromothripsis and other chromosomal rearrangements, emphasizing their roles as driving forces in genomic evolution from cancer to speciation.