Zhao Zhijia, Zhu Hui, Liu Hongyi, Chen Yanming, Zhu Qiong, Cai Jie, Xu Jin, Lu Qinkang, Ji Lindan
Medical Record Statistics Room, Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Aug 30;25(1):2983. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24466-6.
We aimed to comprehensively analyze the impact of both maternal age and birth spacing on adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
A total of 151,301 pregnancies in China from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2021 were included, and 8,222 subjects matched their primary and second pregnancy information. Join point regression was used to analyze the temporal trends of adverse outcomes with maternal age and birth spacing.
The mean maternal age at delivery rose from 27.1 years to 28.5 between 2010 and 2021, and the average annual percentage change in advanced maternal age (≥ 35 years) was 1.2%. The optimal childbearing age (with the fewest adverse outcomes) appears to be 27 years. Compared with women aged 27 years, both those aged < 27 years and those aged > 27 years exhibited a significantly higher risk of anemia, low birth weight (LBW), preeclampsia, and preterm birth. In addition, we found that the optimal primiparous childbearing age was 26 years old and birth spacing was 3 years, < 3 years increased the risk of FGR, oligohydramnios, placenta previa, preeclampsia, LBW, preterm birth and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). While birth spacing > 3 years significantly increased the risks of anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), placenta previa, preeclampsia, thyroid dysfunction (TD), preterm birth and PROM. The subgroup analysis revealed that the common adverse outcomes increased with longer birth spacing in pregnant women < 26 years, while these adverse outcomes showed lowest prevalence rates at 3-year birth spacing in pregnant women > 26 years.
The age of childbearing continues to be delayed, and we are in favor of having children at relatively optimal ages and spacing.
我们旨在全面分析产妇年龄和生育间隔对孕产妇及新生儿不良结局的影响。
纳入了2010年1月1日至2021年12月31日期间中国的151,301例妊娠病例，其中8222名受试者匹配了其首次和第二次妊娠信息。采用连接点回归分析不良结局随产妇年龄和生育间隔的时间趋势。
2010年至2021年间，分娩时的平均产妇年龄从27.1岁升至28.5岁，高龄产妇（≥35岁）的年均变化百分比为1.2%。最佳生育年龄（不良结局最少）似乎是27岁。与27岁的女性相比，年龄<27岁和>27岁的女性患贫血、低出生体重、子痫前期和早产的风险均显著更高。此外，我们发现初产妇的最佳生育年龄为26岁，生育间隔为3年，<3年增加了胎儿生长受限、羊水过少、前置胎盘、子痫前期、低出生体重、早产和胎膜早破的风险。而生育间隔>3年显著增加了贫血、妊娠期糖尿病、前置胎盘、子痫前期、甲状腺功能障碍、早产和胎膜早破的风险。亚组分析显示，<26岁孕妇的常见不良结局随生育间隔延长而增加，而>26岁孕妇的这些不良结局在生育间隔为3年时患病率最低。
生育年龄持续推迟，我们支持在相对最佳的年龄和间隔生育。
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