Corlett J T, Patla A E, Williams J G
Perception. 1985;14(3):257-63. doi: 10.1068/p140257.
Subjects (120 young adults and 120 children) were tested for their abilities to estimate visually the distance to a target 5 m away, then walk unaided by vision to that target as accurately as possible. Experimental groups were determined by visual scanning time (1, 5, or 10 s), delay between the end of visual scanning and the start of locomotion (0, 1, 3, or 5 s), and by age (9 year old children or young adult). Adults performed locomotor distance estimations based on visual scanning more accurately than children under all conditions. Increased scanning time resulted in more accurate performances by children but not by adults, and increased delays between the end of scanning and the start of locomotion caused decreases in accuracy for children only. These decrements were partially ameliorated by increased scanning time. The total time spent without vision after scanning the target (delay time plus walking time) was an important factor, with sharp increases in error for all delay conditions for children. The results are discussed in terms of trace decay effects and developmental aspects of visual guidance of locomotion.
研究对象（120名年轻人和120名儿童）接受测试，以评估他们通过视觉估计5米外目标距离的能力，然后在不借助视觉的情况下尽可能准确地走向该目标。实验组由视觉扫描时间（1、5或10秒）、视觉扫描结束与运动开始之间的延迟（0、1、3或5秒）以及年龄（9岁儿童或年轻人）来确定。在所有条件下，成年人基于视觉扫描进行的运动距离估计比儿童更准确。扫描时间增加使儿童的表现更准确，但对成年人没有影响，并且扫描结束与运动开始之间的延迟增加仅导致儿童的准确性下降。这些下降部分地通过增加扫描时间得到改善。扫描目标后无视觉的总时间（延迟时间加上行走时间）是一个重要因素，所有延迟条件下儿童的误差都急剧增加。将根据痕迹衰退效应和运动视觉引导的发展方面对结果进行讨论。
