海拔高度和恐惧在高度感知中的作用。
The roles of altitude and fear in the perception of height.
作者信息
Stefanucci Jeanine K, Proffitt Dennis R
机构信息
Department of Psychology, The College of William & Mary.
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia.
出版信息
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2009 Apr;35(2):424-438. doi: 10.1037/a0013894.
Previous research on perceiving spatial layout has found that people often exhibit normative biases in their perception of the environment. For instance, slant is typically overestimated and distance is usually underestimated. Surprisingly, however, the perception of height has rarely been studied. The present experiments examined the perception of height when viewed from the top (e.g., looking down) or from the bottom (e.g., looking up). Multiple measures were adapted from previous studies of horizontal extents to assess the perception of height. Across all of the measures, a large, consistent bias was found: Vertical distances were greatly overestimated, especially from the top. Secondary findings suggest that the overestimation of distance and size that occurs when looking down from a high place correlates with reports of trait- and state-level fear of heights, suggesting that height overestimation may be due, in part, to fear.
先前关于空间布局感知的研究发现，人们在对环境的感知中常常表现出规范性偏差。例如，倾斜度通常被高估，而距离通常被低估。然而，令人惊讶的是，对高度的感知很少被研究。本实验研究了从顶部（如向下看）或底部（如向上看）观察时的高度感知。多项测量方法借鉴了先前关于水平范围的研究，以评估高度感知。在所有测量中，都发现了一个巨大且一致的偏差：垂直距离被大大高估，尤其是从顶部观察时。次要研究结果表明，从高处向下看时对距离和大小的高估与特质层面和状态层面的恐高报告相关，这表明高度高估可能部分归因于恐惧。
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