Anti-inflammatory effects of 6-gingerol on arthritis in rats by inhibition of the NF-kB TAB1 signaling pathway.

AIM

This study investigated the mechanisms by which 6-gingerol affected miRNAs in mesenchymal stem cell exosomes and the regulation on NF-κB signaling pathways in synovial cells and GES-1 via miR-30c-2-3p. In addition, the study evaluated potential protective effects of 6-gingerol on synovial tissue and gastric mucosa based on a rat model.

METHODS

The role of 6-gingerol was evaluated using assays including Western Blotting, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), qPCR, immunofluorescence, dual luciferase reporter gene assay, ELISA, CCK-8 cell viability assay, and protein expression analysis. Meanwhile, the effects of 6-gingerol on synovial tissue and gastric mucosa were evaluated using an animal model.

RESULTS

6-Gingerol exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by upregulating miR-30c-2-3p, targeting the TAB1 gene, and suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway activation. In both synovial cells and GES-1, 6-gingerol significantly reduced the concentration of inflammatory factors and increased cell viability. In addition, 6-gingerol regulated key molecules in the NF-κB signaling pathway through miR-30c-2-3p, thereby reducing inflammatory response. Based on the rat model, 6-gingerol showed protective effects on synovial tissue and gastric mucosa, while miR-30c-2-3p antagomir might attenuate the therapeutic effects.

CONCLUSION

6-Gingerol effectively suppressed the NF-κB signaling pathway activation via upregulating miR-30c-2-3p expression, which targeted TAB1. This led to significant anti-inflammatory and protective effects in synovial cells and GES-1.