Lu Peipei, Luo Bin, Wang Qian, Wang Lingling, Chen Mengsi, Jia Jintong, Yang Min, Pan Junyao, Liu Jia, Li Zhiwei
Clinical Laboratory Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.
Clinical Laboratory Center, Karamay Central Hospital, Karamay, China.
Eur J Med Res. 2025 Sep 1;30(1):830. doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-03068-3.
Brucellosis, a globally prevalent zoonotic disease caused by Brucella species, remains a major public health concern, especially in endemic regions. This study delves into the complex interactions between host immune responses and Brucella infection, focusing on both protective immunity and pathological inflammation. Key topics include pathogen recognition pathways, strategies employed by Brucella to evade immune defenses, and the collaborative roles of innate and adaptive immunity in driving disease progression. Emphasis is placed on how Brucella manipulates host immune regulation to establish chronic infection. From an epidemiological standpoint, this paper discusses transmission routes, risk factors, and the broader implications for global health. Additionally, this study reviews recent advancements in diagnostic techniques, particularly molecular diagnostics and novel biomarker discovery, aimed at enhancing detection accuracy and disease monitoring. Therapeutic strategies, including conventional antimicrobial treatments and emerging immune-based interventions, are also examined, with a focus on their limitations and future potential. This article further addresses challenges such as the heterogeneity of immune responses, obstacles to vaccine development, and the factors contributing to persistent infection. By clarifying the molecular and immunological mechanisms of brucellosis pathogenesis, this work underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to improve understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical management of this enduring infectious disease.
布鲁氏菌病是一种由布鲁氏菌引起的全球流行的人畜共患病，仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题，特别是在流行地区。本研究深入探讨宿主免疫反应与布鲁氏菌感染之间的复杂相互作用，重点关注保护性免疫和病理性炎症。关键主题包括病原体识别途径、布鲁氏菌用于逃避免疫防御的策略，以及固有免疫和适应性免疫在推动疾病进展中的协同作用。重点在于布鲁氏菌如何操纵宿主免疫调节以建立慢性感染。从流行病学角度来看，本文讨论了传播途径、危险因素以及对全球健康的更广泛影响。此外，本研究回顾了诊断技术的最新进展，特别是分子诊断和新型生物标志物的发现，旨在提高检测准确性和疾病监测。还研究了治疗策略，包括传统抗菌治疗和新兴的基于免疫的干预措施，重点关注其局限性和未来潜力。本文进一步探讨了诸如免疫反应的异质性、疫苗开发的障碍以及导致持续感染的因素等挑战。通过阐明布鲁氏菌病发病机制的分子和免疫机制，这项工作强调了跨学科方法对于增进对这种持久性传染病的理解、诊断、治疗和临床管理的重要性。
