As part of the improvement of perioperative standards the preoperative period before major urosurgical procedures is becoming increasingly more important. The concept of prehabilitation aims to raise the physical and mental capacities of patients to a higher level before the surgery in order to minimize postoperative decline. The intervention options include physical training, nutritional counselling, psychological support, patient education, optimization of sleep hygiene and the improvement of other preoperative parameters, such as existing anemia. It is important to recognize the existing deficits in each individual patient and to create a prehabilitation concept tailored to the patient. The concepts must also be cost-efficient and capable of being integrated into everyday clinical practice.