Gao Ling Yun, Jing Song Tao, Zhou Ya Jun, Cai Jun Zhuo, Cheng Zhang
School of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2025 Sep 2;47(10):425. doi: 10.1007/s10653-025-02740-1.
Despite Chengdu's status as China's first 'park city', systematic assessment of heavy metal risks in its urban green spaces remains limited. This research investigates the concentrations and spatial distribution of heavy metals, including Mercury (Hg), Chromium (Cr), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn) in the surface soil of urban parks in Chengdu, China. The results indicate significant differences in metal concentrations, with higher median values for Hg, Cd, Ni, and Zn than that in suburban areas (p < 0.05). Spatial analysis highlights hotspots around urban centers, correlating with population density and traffic intensity (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) help to identify potential sources of heavy metals, combined with the characteristics of heavy metal content in different regions, to understand the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the city. Multivariate analyses (PCA-HCA coupling) revealed three distinct pollution clusters: 80% experience no or light pollution, 8.6% moderate pollution, and 11.4% severe pollution, emphasizing the need for monitoring and remediation strategies. The health risk assessment, conducted using the United States Environmental Protection Agency model, suggests low non-carcinogenic risks for children and adults, with soil particle ingestion identified as the primary exposure pathway. Carcinogenic risks associated with Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni are considered negligible, highlighting overall low health risks. However, caution is advised for children due to higher non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks value, particularly through hand-to-mouth contact. Overall, while heavy metal levels in Chengdu's urban parks soil generally comply with standards, targeted interventions are necessary to mitigate contamination hotspots and safeguard ecosystem health and public well-being.
尽管成都作为中国首个“公园城市”，但其城市绿地中重金属风险的系统评估仍然有限。本研究调查了中国成都城市公园表层土壤中重金属汞（Hg）、铬（Cr）、砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）、铜（Cu）、镍（Ni）和锌（Zn）的浓度及空间分布。结果表明金属浓度存在显著差异，Hg、Cd、Ni和Zn的中位数高于郊区（p < 0.05）。空间分析突出了城市中心周围的热点区域，与人口密度和交通强度相关（p < 0.05）。主成分分析（PCA）有助于识别重金属的潜在来源，结合不同区域重金属含量特征，了解城市中重金属的空间分布特征。多变量分析（PCA - HCA耦合）揭示了三个不同的污染集群：80%无污染或轻度污染，8.6%中度污染，11.4%重度污染，强调了监测和修复策略的必要性。使用美国环境保护局模型进行的健康风险评估表明，儿童和成人的非致癌风险较低，土壤颗粒摄入被确定为主要暴露途径。与Cd、Pb、Cr和Ni相关的致癌风险可忽略不计，总体健康风险较低。然而，由于儿童的非致癌和致癌风险值较高，尤其是通过手口接触，建议予以关注。总体而言，虽然成都城市公园土壤中的重金属含量一般符合标准，但仍需采取针对性干预措施，以减轻污染热点，保护生态系统健康和公众福祉。
