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Persistent Immune Dysregulation during Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 is Manifested in Antibodies Targeting Envelope and Nucleocapsid Proteins.

作者信息

Kwissa Marcin, Mathayan Manikannan, Salunkhe Satyajeet S, Bakthavachalam Velavan, Ye Zijing, Sanborn Mark A, Condo Samantha, Upadhye Aditi, Nemakal Athulith, Richner Justin M, Basu Sanjib, Novak Richard M, Jacobson Jeffrey R, Ganesh Balaji B, Cerda Martha, Utz Paul J, Krishnan Jerry A, Prabhakar Bellur S, Rehman Jalees

机构信息

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.

Illinois Research Network (ILLInet) RECOVER Hub, Chicago, IL.

出版信息

bioRxiv. 2025 Aug 19:2025.08.18.670908. doi: 10.1101/2025.08.18.670908.


DOI:10.1101/2025.08.18.670908
PMID:40894595
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12393398/
Abstract

Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) syndrome or "Long COVID" represents a widespread health challenge that necessitates the development of novel diagnostic approaches and targeted therapies that can be readily deployed. Immune dysregulation has been reported as one of the hallmarks of PASC, but the extent of PASC immune dysregulation in patients over time remains unclear. We therefore assessed SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses, peripheral immune cell profiles, autoantibody profiles and circulating cytokines for up to 6 months in participants with a SARS-CoV-2 infection who either convalesced or developed PASC. Compared to convalescent, PASC participants with a broad range of PASC phenotypes exhibited persistently elevated IgG titers for SARS-CoV-2 Envelope and Nucleocapsid proteins over the 6 months of study duration. In contrast, the IgG responses to Spike protein were significantly lower in the PASC cohort with predominantly IgG1 and IgG3 class-switched bias. Using CyTOF analysis, we show elevated numbers of circulating T follicular helper cells (cTFH) and mucosa-associated invariant T cells (MAIT), which also correlated with high anti-Envelope IgG titers. Persistent immune activation was accompanied by augmented serum cytokine profiles with LIF, IL-11, Eotaxin-3, and HMGB-1 in PASC participants, who also demonstrated significantly higher rates of autoantibodies. These findings highlight the persistence of immune dysregulation in PASC, underscoring the need to explore targeted therapies addressing viral persistence, dysregulated antibody production, and autoimmunity.

摘要
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/67b7/12393398/46f6306878a5/nihpp-2025.08.18.670908v1-f0005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/67b7/12393398/4a762672190e/nihpp-2025.08.18.670908v1-f0002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/67b7/12393398/ec32b910d962/nihpp-2025.08.18.670908v1-f0003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/67b7/12393398/a7a65eb1c278/nihpp-2025.08.18.670908v1-f0004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/67b7/12393398/46f6306878a5/nihpp-2025.08.18.670908v1-f0005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/67b7/12393398/4a762672190e/nihpp-2025.08.18.670908v1-f0002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/67b7/12393398/ec32b910d962/nihpp-2025.08.18.670908v1-f0003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/67b7/12393398/a7a65eb1c278/nihpp-2025.08.18.670908v1-f0004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/67b7/12393398/46f6306878a5/nihpp-2025.08.18.670908v1-f0005.jpg

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Persistent Immune Dysregulation during Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 is Manifested in Antibodies Targeting Envelope and Nucleocapsid Proteins.

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本文引用的文献

[1]
Epstein-Barr virus pathogenesis and emerging control strategies.

Nat Rev Microbiol. 2025-4-25

[2]
Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in long COVID.

Lancet Infect Dis. 2025-5

[3]
Human MAIT cell response profiles biased toward IL-17 or IL-10 are distinct effector states directed by the cytokine milieu.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025-2-11

[4]
2024 Update of the RECOVER-Adult Long COVID Research Index.

JAMA. 2025-2-25

[5]
Translating insights into therapies for Long Covid.

Sci Transl Med. 2024-11-13

[6]
Transient anti-interferon autoantibodies in the airways are associated with recovery from COVID-19.

Sci Transl Med. 2024-11-6

[7]
Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 cardiovascular symptoms are associated with trace-level cytokines that affect cardiomyocyte function.

Nat Microbiol. 2024-12

[8]
Prevalent and persistent new-onset autoantibodies in mild to severe COVID-19.

Nat Commun. 2024-10-17

[9]
Mechanisms of long COVID and the path toward therapeutics.

Cell. 2024-10-3

[10]
Repeated COVID-19 mRNA vaccination results in IgG4 class switching and decreased NK cell activation by S1-specific antibodies in older adults.

Immun Ageing. 2024-9-14

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