Effects of vitamin D supplementation combined with exercise on glucolipid metabolism in adults: A meta-analysis.

Evidence on vitamin D supplementation combined with exercise for glucolipid metabolism in adults remains inconclusive. This review synthesizes meta-analyses to evaluate their effects. Three databases were searched up to 1 May 2025. This review included randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigating the combination of vitamin D supplementation and exercise in adults, assessing glucolipid metabolism and 25(OH)D as outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2. Treatment effects were analyzed using random/fixed-effects models, with Hedges'g for effect sizes. Compared with the control group, the combination of vitamin D supplementation and exercise significantly increased the 25(OH)D level (g: 4.13, = 0.0389) and decreased blood glucose (g: -2.69, = 0.0218), fasting insulin (g: -1.41, < 0.0001), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (g: -0.64, < 0.0001). The combination of vitamin D supplementation and exercise has been demonstrated to improve glucolipid metabolism more effectively than either intervention alone.