Hoseini Zahra, Behpour Nasser, Hoseini Rastegar
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 Apr 11;17(1):79. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01125-2.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by disturbances in glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism, including dyslipidemia and dysregulation of metabolic peptides like spexin; however, the effects of combined interventions, such as aerobic training and nutritional intervention, on these parameters are not fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the influences of aerobic training (AT) and vitamin D (Vit D) supplementation on the lipid profile and spexin levels in a model of rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
A total of 56 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: SHAM (non-diabetic control; n = 8) and diabetic (n = 48). The diabetic rats were further divided into six groups: AT with high doses of vitamin D (D + AT + HD; 10,000 IU/kg/week), AT with moderate doses of vitamin D (D + AT + MD; 5,000 IU/kg/week), high doses of vitamin D (D + HD; 10,000 IU/kg/week), moderate doses of vitamin D (D + MD; 5,000 IU/kg/week), AT receiving vehicle (sesame oil; D + AT + oil), and control (oil-receiving; D + C). To induce type 2 diabetes, rats were first fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks to induce obesity, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of 110 mg/kg nicotinamide and 55 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Blood samples were collected 48 h after the last training session under anesthesia for measuring spexin levels, and lipid profile parameters. Statistical analyses were performed using the paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey post hoc test.
Compared to the SHAM rats, there were significant increases in body weight, BMI, FI, and WC in the diabetic rats (p < 0.001). Also, there was a significant decrease in body weight, BMI, FI, and WC of the diabetic groups who received interventions, especially in D + AT + HD (body weight: -11.07%, BMI: -10.25%, FI: -19.16%, WC: -16.54%). The lipid profiles were significantly improved, with the lowest total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and the highest high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels being found in the D + AT + HD group compared with the D + C group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the D + AT + HD group had elevated spexin levels compared with the other diabetic groups, which may play a metabolic role.
AT and Vit D supplementation effectively normalized serum lipids and increased spexin levels in T2D rats. These findings suggest that AT and Vit D supplementation may serve as potential therapeutic strategies for managing T2D and its associated complications. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to evaluate the long-term effects of these interventions in humans.
糖尿病（DM）的特征是葡萄糖、脂质和能量代谢紊乱，包括血脂异常以及像 spexin 这样的代谢肽失调；然而，有氧运动训练和营养干预等联合干预措施对这些参数的影响尚未完全阐明。本研究的目的是探讨有氧运动训练（AT）和补充维生素 D（Vit D）对 2 型糖尿病（T2D）大鼠模型血脂谱和 spexin 水平的影响。
总共 56 只雄性 Wistar 大鼠被分为两组：假手术组（非糖尿病对照组；n = 8）和糖尿病组（n = 48）。糖尿病大鼠进一步分为六组：高剂量维生素 D 的有氧运动训练组（D + AT + HD；10,000 IU/kg/周）、中剂量维生素 D 的有氧运动训练组（D + AT + MD；5,000 IU/kg/周）、高剂量维生素 D 组（D + HD；10,000 IU/kg/周）、中剂量维生素 D 组（D + MD；5,000 IU/kg/周）、接受溶媒（芝麻油）的有氧运动训练组（D + AT + 油）以及对照组（接受油；D + C）。为诱导 2 型糖尿病，大鼠首先高脂饮食（HFD）2 周以诱导肥胖，随后腹腔注射溶解于 0.1 M 柠檬酸盐缓冲液（pH 4.5）中的 110 mg/kg 烟酰胺和 55 mg/kg 链脲佐菌素（STZ）。在最后一次训练 session 后 48 小时，在麻醉下采集血样以测量 spexin 水平和血脂谱参数。使用配对 t 检验、单因素方差分析（ANOVA）和 Tukey 事后检验进行统计分析。
与假手术组大鼠相比，糖尿病大鼠的体重、BMI、空腹血糖（FI）和腰围（WC）显著增加（p < 0.001）。此外，接受干预的糖尿病组的体重、BMI、FI 和 WC 显著降低，尤其是在 D + AT + HD 组（体重：-11.07%，BMI：-10.25%，FI：-19.16%，WC：-16.54%）。血脂谱显著改善，与 D + C 组相比，D + AT + HD 组的总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平最低，高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平最高（p < 0.05）。此外，与其他糖尿病组相比，D + AT + HD 组的 spexin 水平升高，这可能发挥代谢作用。
AT 和补充 Vit D 有效使 T2D 大鼠的血清脂质正常化并提高 spexin 水平。这些发现表明，AT 和补充 Vit D 可能作为管理 T2D 及其相关并发症的潜在治疗策略。需要进一步研究以阐明潜在机制并评估这些干预措施在人类中的长期影响。
