Xie Yan, Jiang Jing, Yang Jing, Gao Shiyi, Zeng Rong, Liu Yijun, Wang LingLu, Xu Pei, Tian Kunming, Xiong Shimin, Liu Xingyan, Shen Xubo, Pan Hong, Zhou YuanZhong
Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
PeerJ. 2025 Aug 28;13:e19782. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19782. eCollection 2025.
The impact of socioeconomic status on disease is becoming increasingly apparent. However, the relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and socioeconomic status (SES) has been less studied and remains inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SES and GDM.
All participants were selected from a prospective study on maternal and infant health in Zunyi City, China, between 2020 and 2022. Data on educational attainment, occupation, and household income were collected through standard questionnaires administered during face-to-face interviews. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), evaluating the association between GDM and SES-a composite measure comprising educational attainment, occupational status, and household monthly income.
Among 5,868 participants, 690 women (11.8%) were diagnosed with GDM. After adjusting for potential confounders, no significant association was observed between educational attainment and GDM prevalence. Compared to public sector employees, women engaged in private sector occupations, freelancing, or farming exhibited a lower GDM risk. Household monthly income demonstrated a significant positive correlation with GDM incidence. Stratified analyses revealed distinct age-related patterns: higher education attainment was associated with reduced GDM risk in women aged >35 years, while occupational influences on GDM were more pronounced in this age group. Conversely, income effects were stronger among women aged ≤35 years. BMI stratification further indicated that occupational factors predominantly affected GDM risk in underweight women (BMI <18.5 kg/m), whereas income exhibited stronger associations in women with BMI ≥18.5 kg/m.
Our study revealed a significant association SES and GDM development. Among household income and occupation emerged as stronger predictor of GDM to educational attainment in Zunyi City, Guizhou province, China.
社会经济地位对疾病的影响日益明显。然而，妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）与社会经济地位（SES）之间的关系研究较少且结果不一致。本研究旨在探讨SES与GDM之间的关系。
所有参与者均选自2020年至2022年在中国遵义市进行的一项母婴健康前瞻性研究。通过面对面访谈时发放的标准问卷收集教育程度、职业和家庭收入数据。采用逻辑回归模型计算调整后的比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI），评估GDM与SES（一种包括教育程度、职业地位和家庭月收入的综合指标）之间的关联。
在5868名参与者中，690名女性（11.8%）被诊断为GDM。在调整潜在混杂因素后，未观察到教育程度与GDM患病率之间存在显著关联。与公共部门员工相比，从事私营部门职业、自由职业或务农的女性患GDM的风险较低。家庭月收入与GDM发病率呈显著正相关。分层分析揭示了不同的年龄相关模式：较高的教育程度与35岁以上女性患GDM风险降低有关，而职业对GDM的影响在该年龄组更为明显。相反，收入效应在35岁及以下女性中更强。BMI分层进一步表明，职业因素主要影响体重过轻女性（BMI<18.5kg/m）的GDM风险，而收入与BMI≥18.5kg/m的女性关联更强。
我们的研究揭示了SES与GDM发生之间存在显著关联。在中国贵州省遵义市，家庭收入和职业比教育程度更能成为GDM的有力预测因素。
