V Krithika, Mavani Dency D, Patel Diya V, Dantu Gayathri, Chaparala Sai Praneeth, Song Hyoyoung
Internal Medicine, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, IND.
Internal Medicine, Smt. Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND.
Cureus. 2025 Jul 31;17(7):e89169. doi: 10.7759/cureus.89169. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Pneumonia is a major cause of mortality, and its association with diabetes mellitus (DM) remains underexplored. Understanding this relationship is essential to identifying high-risk populations and developing targeted public health interventions.
To analyze mortality trends and demographic disparities in pneumonia with DM as a contributing cause using the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Multiple Causes of Death (MCD) database from 1999 to 2020.
A retrospective observational study was conducted using the CDC MCD database to assess mortality trends in individuals aged 25 years and older in the United States from 1999 to 2020. The study included deaths where pneumonia (International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10): J18) was listed as the underlying cause and DM (ICD-10: E10-E14) as a contributing cause. Data were analyzed by age, gender, race, geographic region, and place of death. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) and annual percentage change (APC) were calculated.
A total of 59,291 deaths were recorded. The AAMR for pneumonia with DM as a contributing cause initially showed a rising trend from 1999 to 2002 with an APC of 3.90% (p < 0.05). However, from 2002 to 2018, the AAMR began declining significantly with an APC of -4.56% (p < 0.05). Deaths were more common in females (51.1%) and White individuals (82.0%). Most deaths occurred in metropolitan areas (79.5%) and medical facilities (70.9%).
These findings highlight the need for integrated DM management and pneumonia prevention strategies. Targeted vaccination programs and early respiratory infection management could help reduce mortality in high-risk groups.
肺炎是主要的死亡原因，其与糖尿病（DM）之间的关联仍未得到充分研究。了解这种关系对于识别高危人群和制定有针对性的公共卫生干预措施至关重要。
利用疾病控制中心（CDC）1999年至2020年的多重死因（MCD）数据库，分析以DM为促成死因的肺炎的死亡率趋势和人口统计学差异。
使用CDC的MCD数据库进行一项回顾性观察研究，以评估1999年至2020年美国25岁及以上人群的死亡率趋势。该研究纳入了将肺炎（国际疾病分类第10版（ICD-10）：J18）列为根本死因且DM（ICD-10：E10-E14）为促成死因的死亡病例。数据按年龄、性别、种族、地理区域和死亡地点进行分析。计算年龄调整死亡率（AAMR）和年度百分比变化（APC）。
共记录了59,291例死亡病例。以DM为促成死因的肺炎的AAMR最初在1999年至2002年呈上升趋势，APC为3.90%（p<0.05）。然而，从2002年到2018年，AAMR开始显著下降，APC为-4.56%（p<0.05）。死亡在女性（51.1%）和白人个体（82.0%）中更为常见。大多数死亡发生在大都市地区（79.5%）和医疗机构（70.9%）。
这些发现凸显了综合DM管理和肺炎预防策略的必要性。有针对性的疫苗接种计划和早期呼吸道感染管理有助于降低高危人群的死亡率。
