Jo Jaegang, Lee Myunghoo, Lee Seunghyun, Bae Munseong, Kang Chanik, Chung Haejun
Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, USA.
Nanophotonics. 2025 Jul 29;14(17):2963-2978. doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0242. eCollection 2025 Aug.
Under-display camera (UDC) systems enable full-screen displays in smartphones by embedding the camera beneath the display panel, eliminating the need for notches or punch holes. However, the periodic pixel structures of display panels introduce significant optical diffraction effects, leading to imaging artifacts and degraded visual quality. Conventional approaches to mitigate these distortions, such as deep learning-based image reconstruction, are often computationally expensive and unsuitable for real-time applications in consumer electronics. This work introduces an inverse-designed metasurface for wavefront restoration, addressing diffraction-induced distortions without relying on external software processing. The proposed metasurface effectively suppresses higher-order diffraction modes caused by the metallic pixel structures, restores the optical wavefront, and enhances imaging quality across multiple wavelengths. By eliminating the need for software-based post-processing, our approach establishes a scalable, real-time optical solution for diffraction management in UDC systems. This advancement paves the way to achieve software-free real-time image restoration frameworks for many industrial applications.
屏下摄像头（UDC）系统通过将摄像头嵌入显示面板下方，实现了智能手机的全屏显示，无需开槽或打孔。然而，显示面板的周期性像素结构会产生显著的光学衍射效应，导致成像伪像和视觉质量下降。传统的减轻这些失真的方法，如基于深度学习的图像重建，通常计算成本高昂，不适用于消费电子产品中的实时应用。这项工作引入了一种用于波前恢复的逆向设计超表面，无需依赖外部软件处理即可解决衍射引起的失真。所提出的超表面有效地抑制了由金属像素结构引起的高阶衍射模式，恢复了光波前，并提高了多个波长的成像质量。通过无需基于软件的后处理，我们的方法为UDC系统中的衍射管理建立了一种可扩展的实时光学解决方案。这一进展为许多工业应用实现无软件实时图像恢复框架铺平了道路。
