Hidayat Khemayanto, Huang Yan-Hui, Qian Xiao-Yan, Chen Xiao-Fang, Yu Lu-Gang, Zhou Hui, Qin Li-Qiang
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Aug 15;12:1637413. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1637413. eCollection 2025.
Evidence on the association between soy consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between soy intake and the prevalence of MetS and its components in a Chinese population.
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 5,107 adults residing in Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China. Dietary intake was assessed using an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. MetS was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MetS and its components in relation to soy consumption, adjusting for potential confounders.
Each 25 g/day increase in soy consumption was associated with lower odds of MetS (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.98), elevated waist circumference (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-0.99), elevated triglycerides (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.96), reduced HDL-cholesterol (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.97), and elevated blood pressure (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-0.99), but not elevated fasting blood glucose. These associations were more pronounced and consistent among women. Menopausal status did not significantly modify the associations.
Higher soy consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS and most of its components, particularly among women. These findings highlight the potential role of soy foods in metabolic health and warrant prospective studies to clarify causal relationships, assess individual soy food types, and explore sex- and menopause-specific effects.
关于大豆消费与代谢综合征（MetS）之间关联的证据仍然有限且尚无定论。本研究旨在调查中国人群中大豆摄入量与MetS及其组成成分患病率之间的关系。
对居住在中国苏州工业园区的5107名成年人进行了横断面分析。采用访谈员-administered食物频率问卷评估饮食摄入量。根据联合临时声明（JIS）标准定义MetS。使用逻辑回归模型估计与大豆消费相关的MetS及其组成成分的比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI），并对潜在混杂因素进行调整。
大豆消费量每增加25克/天，与MetS的较低患病几率（OR 0.95，95% CI 0.92 - 0.98）、腰围升高（OR 0.97，95% CI 0.94 - 0.99）、甘油三酯升高（OR 0.94，95% CI 0.91 - 0.9）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低（OR 0.95，95% CI 0.92 - 0.97）和血压升高（OR 0.97，95% CI 0.94 - 0.99）相关，但与空腹血糖升高无关。这些关联在女性中更为明显和一致。绝经状态并未显著改变这些关联。
较高的大豆消费量与较低的MetS及其大多数组成成分患病率相关，尤其是在女性中。这些发现突出了大豆食品在代谢健康中的潜在作用，值得进行前瞻性研究以阐明因果关系、评估个体大豆食品类型并探索性别和绝经特异性影响。
