Ren Wen, Pérez-Calvo Estefanía, Broz Jiri
Research Center of Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM-Firmenich, Bazhou 065700, China.
DSM-Firmenich, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland.
Anim Nutr. 2025 Jul 21;22:352-362. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2025.05.003. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Benzoic acid (BA) is an organic acid that has become a key dietary supplement in swine production, offering a comprehensive approach to improving gut health and performance while addressing challenges such as antimicrobial resistance and environmental sustainability. This review explores the existing literature on dietary BA supplementation across different physiological stages of pigs: weaned piglets, growing-finishing pigs, and sows. Although the exact mechanism of action of BA is not yet fully understood, three non-mutually exclusive mechanisms have been proposed: 1) modulation of the microbiota, which may inhibit pathogenic bacteria in both the feed and the gut; 2) a reduction in gastric pH, leading to increased pepsin activity and improved nutrient digestibility; and 3) urine acidification resulting from BA metabolism, which may limit bacterial activity in the urinary tract and lower the pH of slurry. Consequently, BA supplementation has been shown to improve growth performance, reduce the incidence of diarrhea, and enhance nutrient digestibility, thereby promoting overall pig health. Additionally, BA supplementation has been associated with a reduced risk of urinary tract infections in sows during farrowing and a decrease in ammonia emissions from slurry. This review highlights BA's potential as a viable alternative to conventional antimicrobial growth promoters. It also stresses the need for further research to optimize BA supplementation strategies and investigate its synergistic effects with other additives. Such knowledge is crucial for developing sustainable swine production systems that prioritize animal health and environmental stewardship without compromising performance or economic viability.
苯甲酸（BA）是一种有机酸，已成为猪生产中的关键膳食补充剂，它提供了一种全面的方法来改善肠道健康和性能，同时应对抗菌药物耐药性和环境可持续性等挑战。本综述探讨了有关在猪的不同生理阶段（断奶仔猪、生长育肥猪和母猪）日粮中添加BA的现有文献。尽管BA的确切作用机制尚未完全了解，但已提出了三种并非相互排斥的机制：1）调节微生物群，这可能会抑制饲料和肠道中的病原菌；2）降低胃pH值，导致胃蛋白酶活性增加和营养物质消化率提高；3）BA代谢导致尿液酸化，这可能会限制尿道中的细菌活性并降低粪便的pH值。因此，添加BA已被证明可以提高生长性能、降低腹泻发生率并提高营养物质消化率，从而促进猪的整体健康。此外，添加BA与母猪分娩期间尿路感染风险降低以及粪便氨气排放减少有关。本综述强调了BA作为传统抗菌生长促进剂可行替代品的潜力。它还强调需要进一步研究以优化BA添加策略，并研究其与其他添加剂的协同作用。这些知识对于开发可持续的养猪生产系统至关重要，该系统在不影响性能或经济可行性的前提下优先考虑动物健康和环境管理。
