Warner Alan J, DeRouchey Joel M, Tokach Mike D, Woodworth Jason C, Goodband Robert D, Gebhardt Jordan T
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA.
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA.
Transl Anim Sci. 2023 May 23;7(1):txad055. doi: 10.1093/tas/txad055. eCollection 2023 Jan.
The objective of these studies was to determine the effects of increasing levels of calcium carbonate (CaCO) with and without benzoic acid on weanling pig growth performance, fecal dry matter (DM), and blood Ca and P concentrations. In experiment 1, 695 pigs (DNA Line 200 × 400, initially 5.9 ± 0.02 kg) were used in a 28 d study. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age and randomly assigned to pens and then pens were allotted to one of five dietary treatments. Treatment diets were fed from weaning (day 0) to day 14, with a common diet fed from days 14 to 28. Dietary treatments were formulated to provide 0%, 0.45%, 0.90%, 1.35%, and 1.80% added CaCO at the expense of ground corn. From days 0 to 14 (treatment period), average daily gain (ADG) and G:F decreased (linear, ≤ 0.01) as CaCO increased. From days 14 to 28 (common period) and for the overall experiment (days 0 to 28), there was no evidence of differences in growth performance between treatments. For fecal DM, there was a trend (quadratic, = 0.091) where pigs fed with the highest CaCO diets had the greatest fecal DM. Experiment 2 used 360 pigs (DNA Line 200 × 400, initially 6.2 ± 0.03 kg) in a 38 d study. Upon arrival to the nursery facility, pigs were randomly assigned to pens and then pens were allotted to one of six dietary treatments. Dietary treatments were fed in three phases with treatment diets fed from days 0 to 10 and days 10 to 24, and a common phase 3 diet fed from days 24 to 38. Dietary treatments were formulated to provide 0.45%, 0.90%, and 1.35% added CaCO with or without 0.5% benzoic acid (VevoVitall, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) added at the expense of ground corn. There was no evidence ( > 0.05) for any CaCO by benzoic acid interactions. For the experimental period (days 0 to 24), there was a tendency for benzoic acid to increase ADG (= 0.056), average daily feed intake (ADFI; = 0.071), and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F; linear, = 0.014) as CaCO decreased. During the common period (days 24 to 38), pigs previously fed benzoic acid had increased (= 0.045) ADG and marginally increased (= 0.091) ADFI. For the overall study, pigs fed benzoic acid had increased ADG (= 0.011) and ADFI (= 0.030), marginally increased G:F (= 0.096) and final body weight (= 0.059). Serum Ca decreased (linear, < 0.001) as CaCO decreased in the diet. These data show that decreasing the CaCO content in the nursery diet immediately after weaning may improve ADG and G:F. Dietary addition of benzoic acid may also provide beneficial effects on ADG and ADFI, regardless of dietary Ca level.
这些研究的目的是确定添加不同水平碳酸钙（CaCO）以及添加或不添加苯甲酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便干物质（DM）以及血液中钙和磷浓度的影响。在实验1中，695头猪（DNA Line 200×400，初始体重5.9±0.02千克）被用于一项为期28天的研究。仔猪约在21日龄断奶，随机分配到栏舍，然后栏舍被分配到五种日粮处理之一。处理日粮从断奶（第0天）喂至第14天，第14天至28天喂普通日粮。日粮处理配方为以玉米粉为代价提供0%、0.45%、0.90%、1.35%和1.80%的添加碳酸钙。从第0天至第14天（处理期），随着碳酸钙添加量增加，平均日增重（ADG）和料重比（G:F）降低（呈线性，P≤0.01）。从第14天至第28天（普通期）以及整个实验期（第0天至第28天），各处理间生长性能无差异。对于粪便干物质，存在一种趋势（呈二次曲线，P = 0.091），即饲喂最高碳酸钙日粮的猪粪便干物质最多。实验2使用360头猪（DNA Line 200×400，初始体重6.2±0.03千克）进行一项为期38天的研究。仔猪到达保育设施后，随机分配到栏舍，然后栏舍被分配到六种日粮处理之一。日粮分三个阶段饲喂，处理日粮从第0天喂至第10天和第10天至第24天，第24天至第38天喂普通的第三阶段日粮。日粮处理配方为以玉米粉为代价提供0.45%、0.90%和1.35%的添加碳酸钙，添加或不添加0.5%苯甲酸（VevoVitall，帝斯曼营养产品公司，新泽西州帕西帕尼）。没有证据表明（P＞0.05）碳酸钙与苯甲酸之间存在相互作用。在实验期（第0天至第24天），随着碳酸钙添加量降低，苯甲酸有增加ADG（P = 0.056）、平均日采食量（ADFI；P = 0.071）和料重比（G:F；呈线性，P = 0.014）的趋势。在普通期（第24天至第38天），先前饲喂苯甲酸的猪ADG增加（P = 0.045），ADFI略有增加（P = 0.091）。在整个研究中，饲喂苯甲酸的猪ADG增加（P = 0.011），ADFI增加（P = 0.030），料重比略有增加（P = 0.096），终体重增加（P = 0.059）。日粮中碳酸钙降低时，血清钙降低（呈线性，P＜0.001）。这些数据表明，断奶后立即降低保育日粮中的碳酸钙含量可能会提高ADG和G:F。日粮中添加苯甲酸也可能对ADG和ADFI产生有益影响，而与日粮钙水平无关。
