Design and performance of two stages square cut rectangular multiband microstrip fractal antenna.

Modern wireless systems require compact, low-profile, and multiband antennas. The designs offer high performance without structural complications. The classic, traditional single-band antenna mostly does not fit the bandwidth of applications. This study represented the challenges by introducing a two-stage square-cut fractal microstrip antenna design. This antenna integrated the two fractal geometries with one feed line and used periodical edge etching along with internal slotting to increase the electrical length and improve radiation efficiency without enlarging the size of the antenna. Through FEM-based simulation, the antenna dual-band characteristics for S-band (2.4263-3.2018 GHz) and C-band (5.3789-7.2308 GHz), giving a total bandwidth of approximately 3.7 GHz. The gain value remains stable about 6 dB in the S-band and 7.5 dB in the C-band, while return loss stays below -10 dB and VSWR under 2. These results offer a scalable platform for further research in reconfigurable and flexible antenna systems.•The antenna is beneficial for 2.4263-3.2018 GHz bandwidth of approximately 1.53 GHz and 5.3789-7.2308 GHz bandwidth of approximately 1.53 GHz respectively with minimal power reflection within bands.•Smith chart maintained at less than 51Ω. A few deviations occurred due to manual errors duringfabrication, soldering and testing antenna.