Ahmed Fayyadh H, Saad Rola, Khamas Salam K
Electromagnetics, Wireless Hardware & RF Devices Group, School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jun 10;25(12):3641. doi: 10.3390/s25123641.
A new compact, wideband, millimeter-wave microstrip crossover-designed without vias-demonstrates effective performance with an insertion loss of 2 dB across a wide frequency range. For Path 1, the operational bandwidth spans 11 GHz (13-24 GHz), while for Path 2, it extends over 10 GHz (12-22 GHz). The overlapping bandwidth, maintaining the 2 dB insertion loss criterion, covers 9 GHz (13-22 GHz). The design introduces two transition mechanisms to achieve optimal scattering parameters for the crossover: a stair-shaped microstrip line (MST) to ground-backed coplanar waveguide (GCPW) for the initial crossed line (Path 1), and vertical coupling between microstrip and coplanar hourglass microstrip patches on a single-layer substrate for Path 2. This innovative approach ensures an insertion loss of approximately 1 dB for both paths across the bandwidth, with a slight increase beyond 20 GHz for Path 2 due to substrate losses. Both crossed lines maintain a return loss of 10 dB across the spectrum, with isolation of approximately 20 dB. This design presents a flat, compact, and via-less configuration, with physical dimensions measuring 6.5 mm × 7.6 mm. The proposed design exhibits excellent scattering parameters, which enhance the efficiency of phased array antenna systems in terms of power transfer between input and output ports, as well as improving isolation between different input ports in the feed network of these systems used in remote sensing. Consequently, this contributes to the increased sensitivity and accuracy of such systems.
一种新型紧凑、宽带、无过孔的毫米波微带交叉结构在很宽的频率范围内展现出有效性能，插入损耗为2 dB。对于路径1，工作带宽为11 GHz（13 - 24 GHz），而对于路径2，其带宽超过10 GHz（12 - 22 GHz）。保持2 dB插入损耗标准的重叠带宽覆盖9 GHz（13 - 22 GHz）。该设计引入了两种过渡机制来实现交叉结构的最佳散射参数：对于初始交叉线（路径1），采用阶梯形微带线（MST）到接地共面波导（GCPW）的过渡；对于路径2，在单层基板上采用微带与共面沙漏形微带贴片之间的垂直耦合。这种创新方法确保了两条路径在带宽范围内的插入损耗约为1 dB，路径2在超过20 GHz时由于基板损耗略有增加。两条交叉线在整个频谱范围内的回波损耗保持在10 dB，隔离度约为20 dB。该设计呈现出扁平、紧凑且无过孔的结构，物理尺寸为6.5 mm×7.6 mm。所提出的设计具有出色的散射参数，在输入和输出端口之间的功率传输方面提高了相控阵天线系统的效率，同时改善了这些用于遥感的系统的馈电网络中不同输入端口之间的隔离度。因此，这有助于提高此类系统的灵敏度和精度。
