Arevalo-Rios Einer Carlos Eduardo, Layza-Reyes Jennifer, Noriega-Ruiz Victor Hugo
Alberto Hurtado School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Department of Endocrinology, Clinica Anglo Americana, Lima, Peru.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2025 Sep 3;5(9):e0005150. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0005150. eCollection 2025.
Screening rates for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Peru remain low despite an increasing prevalence of the disease. In 2022, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommended screening adults aged 18-34 with overweight or obesity and at least one risk factor, including Latino ethnicity and lowered the universal screening age to 35 years. This study aimed to determine the T2DM screening prevalence in Peru and the factors associated with lack of screening in the population that meets ADA screening criteria. A cross-sectional, secondary data analysis was conducted based on the 2022 Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey database. Screening was defined as apparently healthy individuals having their blood glucose measured in the last year. Participants aged 18-34 years with overweight or obesity, as well as all participants aged ≥ 35 years, were included. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-squared test, and multivariate Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs), adjusting for potential confounders. Of 26,166 individuals who met inclusion criteria, 25.3% were screened for T2DM. The factors most strongly associated with lack of screening were: age 18-34 years (aPR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05-1.11), having only elementary education (aPR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.13-1.23), not having health insurance (aPR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.12-1.18), belonging to the lowest wealth quintile (aPR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.13), and daily smoking (aPR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01-1.19). The national rate of screening for T2DM in Peru is low (25.3%). There is a higher prevalence for a lack of screening in people who: are younger, have only primary education, do not have health insurance, belong to the lowest wealth quintile, and are smokers. Targeted interventions are needed to improve screening coverage in these high-risk populations.
尽管2型糖尿病（T2DM）在秘鲁的患病率不断上升，但其筛查率仍然很低。2022年，美国糖尿病协会（ADA）建议对年龄在18 - 34岁、超重或肥胖且至少有一个风险因素（包括拉丁裔种族）的成年人进行筛查，并将普遍筛查年龄降低到35岁。本研究旨在确定秘鲁T2DM的筛查患病率以及与符合ADA筛查标准人群中未进行筛查相关的因素。基于2022年秘鲁人口与健康调查数据库进行了一项横断面二次数据分析。筛查定义为在过去一年中对看似健康的个体进行血糖测量。纳入了年龄在18 - 34岁、超重或肥胖的参与者以及所有年龄≥35岁的参与者。使用卡方检验进行双变量分析，并使用多变量泊松回归来估计患病率比（PRs），同时对潜在混杂因素进行调整。在符合纳入标准的26166名个体中，25.3%的人接受了T2DM筛查。与未进行筛查最密切相关的因素是：年龄18 - 34岁（调整后患病率比：1.08；95%置信区间：1.05 - 1.11）、仅接受过小学教育（调整后患病率比：1.18；95%置信区间：1.13 - 1.23）、没有医疗保险（调整后患病率比：1.15；95%置信区间：1.12 - 1.18）、属于最低财富五分位数（调整后患病率比：1.09；95%置信区间：1.05 - 1.13）以及每日吸烟（调整后患病率比：1.10；95%置信区间：1.01 - 1.19）。秘鲁全国T2DM的筛查率很低（25.3%）。在以下人群中未进行筛查的患病率较高：年龄较小、仅接受过小学教育、没有医疗保险、属于最低财富五分位数以及吸烟者。需要有针对性的干预措施来提高这些高危人群的筛查覆盖率。
