Barthes Kevin, Rousset Francois, Wein Tanita
CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, UCBL1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2025 Sep 4;380(1934):20240077. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2024.0077.
Viruses are ubiquitous biological entities that exert immense selective pressures on their hosts, driving the evolution of diverse innate immune mechanisms across all domains of life. While innate immunity has historically been studied in eukaryotes, recent discoveries of bacterial defence systems against phages reveal striking parallels between prokaryotic and eukaryotic immunity. A key principle of antiviral defence conserved from bacteria to humans is pattern recognition, where virus-associated molecular patterns trigger immune responses. In addition to pattern recognition, effector-triggered immunity (ETI) involves the detection of pathogen-induced perturbations of host cell pathways. ETI, initially described in plants and later in animals, was recently shown to have parallels in bacterial immunity as well. In this perspective, we explore how viral infections in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells manipulate comparable host pathways, creating molecular signatures that are recognized by distinct immune systems. By examining the shared features and mechanisms underlying ETI, we illuminate its role as a core principle of host-pathogen interactions across the tree of life.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'The ecology and evolution of bacterial immune systems'.
病毒是无处不在的生物实体，它们对宿主施加巨大的选择压力，推动着生命各个领域中多种先天免疫机制的进化。虽然先天免疫一直以来都是在真核生物中进行研究，但最近发现的细菌针对噬菌体的防御系统揭示了原核生物和真核生物免疫之间惊人的相似之处。从细菌到人类，抗病毒防御的一个关键原则是模式识别，即病毒相关分子模式触发免疫反应。除了模式识别，效应物触发的免疫（ETI）还涉及检测病原体诱导的宿主细胞通路扰动。ETI最初在植物中被描述，后来在动物中也有发现，最近还发现它在细菌免疫中也有类似情况。从这个角度来看，我们探讨原核细胞和真核细胞中的病毒感染如何操纵类似的宿主通路，创造出被不同免疫系统识别的分子特征。通过研究ETI背后的共同特征和机制，我们阐明了它作为生命之树上宿主-病原体相互作用的核心原则的作用。本文是“细菌免疫系统的生态学和进化”讨论会议专题的一部分。
