Zhao Xiaoqian, Xiong Jian, Li Danyang, Zhang Ying
Operating room, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Aug 6;12:1655693. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1655693. eCollection 2025.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell therapeutic approaches have significantly reshaped the immuno-oncology domain for hematological malignancies. These approaches have sustained therapeutic results in patients with treatment-resistant disease and exhibited robust therapeutic efficacy. However, poor immune cell trafficking, tumor-induced immune suppression, and complex modification limit their clinical application in solid tumors. The application of nanotechnology has transformed efforts to overcome these limitations by promoting expression of CARs, enabling tumor-selective immunomodulation, and allowing site-specific dynamic cytokine modulation. This mini review provides critical valuations of the current clinical trials, focusing on the regulatory challenges, design rationale, and translational advances. This article highlights ongoing challenges, recent developments, and future directions for the clinical translation of advanced immunotherapeutic strategies.
嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞和自然杀伤（NK）细胞治疗方法显著重塑了血液系统恶性肿瘤的免疫肿瘤学领域。这些方法在患有难治性疾病的患者中取得了持续的治疗效果，并展现出强大的治疗功效。然而，免疫细胞迁移不良、肿瘤诱导的免疫抑制以及复杂的修饰限制了它们在实体瘤中的临床应用。纳米技术的应用通过促进CAR的表达、实现肿瘤选择性免疫调节以及进行位点特异性动态细胞因子调节，改变了克服这些限制的努力。本综述对当前的临床试验进行了批判性评估，重点关注监管挑战、设计原理和转化进展。本文强调了先进免疫治疗策略临床转化中面临的持续挑战、最新进展和未来方向。
