Asante Baadu Francis, Ahsan Muhammad, Hussain Bacha, Hussain Shandana, Malik Hafsa, Naqvi Syeda Sarah, Mustafa Zain, Zahid Maheen, Ahmad Rana Taseer
Internal Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, GHA.
Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton, Derby, GBR.
Cureus. 2025 Aug 3;17(8):e89279. doi: 10.7759/cureus.89279. eCollection 2025 Aug.
Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in the gut microbiota may play a significant role in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), particularly during childhood, when the immune and metabolic systems are still maturing. This systematic review aims to synthesize recent findings on the composition, diversity, and functional characteristics of gut microbiota in children with T1DM. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for studies published between January 2019 and July 2025. Eligible studies included observational studies examining the gut microbiota in children with T1DM using validated sequencing methods. Six studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed for microbial composition, diversity, and associated immune and metabolic alterations. Most studies reported reduced microbial diversity and depletion of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, such as and , in T1DM children. An increased abundance of pro-inflammatory genera, including , , and , was frequently observed. Several studies have also identified elevated levels of gut permeability markers, such as zonulin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), suggesting compromised intestinal barrier function. Notably, while some studies reported decreased abundance of in T1DM, one study observed its increased abundance, indicating regional or methodological variability. Gut dysbiosis, characterized by reduced diversity, loss of beneficial microbes, and increased intestinal permeability, is consistently associated with pediatric T1DM. However, the heterogeneity of specific taxa highlights the need for standardized longitudinal research. Understanding gut microbial alterations may provide novel opportunities for early intervention and disease modulation in at-risk children.
新出现的证据表明，肠道微生物群的改变可能在1型糖尿病（T1DM）的发生发展中起重要作用，尤其是在儿童期，此时免疫和代谢系统仍在发育。本系统评价旨在综合近期关于T1DM儿童肠道微生物群的组成、多样性和功能特征的研究结果。对PubMed、Cochrane图书馆和谷歌学术进行了全面的文献检索，以查找2019年1月至2025年7月发表的研究。符合条件的研究包括使用经过验证的测序方法检查T1DM儿童肠道微生物群的观察性研究。六项研究符合纳入标准，并对微生物组成、多样性以及相关的免疫和代谢改变进行了分析。大多数研究报告称，T1DM儿童的微生物多样性降低，产生短链脂肪酸（SCFA）的细菌（如 和 ）减少。经常观察到促炎菌属（包括 、 和 ）的丰度增加。几项研究还发现肠道通透性标志物（如闭合蛋白和脂多糖（LPS））水平升高，表明肠道屏障功能受损。值得注意的是，虽然一些研究报告称T1DM中 的丰度降低，但一项研究观察到其丰度增加，表明存在区域或方法学差异。以多样性降低、有益微生物丧失和肠道通透性增加为特征的肠道生态失调与儿童T1DM始终相关。然而，特定分类群的异质性凸显了标准化纵向研究的必要性。了解肠道微生物改变可能为高危儿童的早期干预和疾病调节提供新的机会。
