Li Ying, Wang Zhihua, Mei Chengkai, Sun Wenqi, Yuan Xingxing, Wang Jing, Huang Wuyang
School of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
Biology (Basel). 2025 Aug 2;14(8):982. doi: 10.3390/biology14080982.
Faba bean ( L.), a nutrient-rich legume beneficial to human health, is valued for its high L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and phenolic content. This study investigated phytochemical diversity and bioactivity across 29 Chinese faba bean varieties. Phenolics were profiled using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) and quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant capacity was evaluated, including DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), along with α-amylase/α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Twenty-five phenolics were identified, including L-DOPA (11.96-17.93 mg/g, >70% of total content), seven phenolic acids, and seventeen flavonoids. L-DOPA showed potent enzyme inhibition (IC values of 22.45 μM for α-amylase and 16.66 μM for α-glucosidase) but demonstrated limited antioxidant effects. Lincan 13 (Gansu) exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity (DPPH, 16.32 μmol trolox/g; ABTS, 5.85 μmol trolox/g; FRAP, 21.38 mmol Fe/g), which correlated with it having the highest flavonoid content (40.51 mg rutin/g), while Yican 4 (Yunnan) showed the strongest α-amylase inhibition (43.33%). Correlation analysis confirmed flavonoids as the primary antioxidants, and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed geographical trends (e.g., Jiangsu varieties were particularly phenolic-rich). These findings highlight faba beans' potential as functional foods and guide genotype selection in targeted breeding programs aimed at enhancing health benefits.
蚕豆（L.）是一种营养丰富且对人体健康有益的豆类，因其富含高含量的L-3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸（L-DOPA）和酚类物质而受到重视。本研究调查了29个中国蚕豆品种的植物化学多样性和生物活性。使用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用仪（UPLC-QTOF-MS）对酚类物质进行分析，并通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）进行定量。评估了抗氧化能力，包括DPPH（2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼）、ABTS（2,2-联氮双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸））自由基清除活性和铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP），以及α-淀粉酶/α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用。鉴定出25种酚类物质，包括L-DOPA（11.96 - 17.93毫克/克，占总含量的70%以上）、7种酚酸和17种黄酮类化合物。L-DOPA表现出较强的酶抑制作用（对α-淀粉酶的IC值为22.45微摩尔，对α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC值为16.66微摩尔），但抗氧化作用有限。临蚕13（甘肃）表现出最强的抗氧化活性（DPPH为16.32微摩尔 Trolox/克；ABTS为5.85微摩尔 Trolox/克；FRAP为21.38毫摩尔铁/克），这与其最高的黄酮类化合物含量（40.51毫克芦丁/克）相关，而宜蚕4（云南）表现出最强的α-淀粉酶抑制作用（43.33%）。相关性分析证实黄酮类化合物是主要的抗氧化剂，主成分分析（PCA）揭示了地理趋势（例如江苏品种的酚类物质含量特别高）。这些发现突出了蚕豆作为功能性食品的潜力，并为旨在增强健康益处的定向育种计划中的基因型选择提供了指导。
