Evaluation of Nurses' Knowledge of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis Among Acute Care Nurses: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study.

AIM

This study examined how well nurses across various acute care hospitals in Saudi Arabia understand and manage incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD), shedding light on existing knowledge gaps and clinical practices.

METHODS

A descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed, with a total of 169 nurses recruited between January and July 2024. A psychometrically validated instrument, the Know-IAD tool was used in a self-administered online format to collect data and assess nurses' knowledge across three key dimensions: (i) causes and external contributing factors, (ii) classification and diagnosis, and (iii) prevention and management of IAD.

RESULTS

Overall, participants demonstrated a low level of understanding, with total scores falling below 70% in all domains. A considerable proportion of participants answered incorrectly on key factors such as skin inspection identifiers and the appropriate use of all-in-one large pads. An image depicting IAD Category 1B was correctly identified by 89 participants (52.6%), while 119 participants (70.4%) correctly identified Category 2/Stage 2 pressure injury. Furthermore, only about 50% of nurses responded correctly to the item on conducting skin inspections every 48 h for incontinent patients. Knowledge domain scores were significantly associated with qualification and area of work, and moderately correlated with age.

CONCLUSION

The study recommends an urgent need for enhanced education, standardized protocols, and improved clinical practices to support accurate diagnosis, prevention, and optimal management of IAD in Saudi healthcare settings.