Omar Thabit Moath, Alfarttoosi Karar H, Sanghvi Gaurav, Roopashree R, Kashyap Aditya, Krithiga T, Taher Waam Mohammed, Alwan Mariem, Jawad Mahmood Jasem, Al-Nuaimi Ali M Ali
Department of Medical Laboratory Technics, College of Health and Medical Technology, Alnoor University, Nineveh, Iraq.
College of Pharmacy, Ahl Al Bayt University, Kerbala, Iraq.
Neuromolecular Med. 2025 Sep 5;27(1):63. doi: 10.1007/s12017-025-08879-5.
Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, affecting millions of people and often requiring long-term treatment. Current therapies, such as immunosuppressants and biologics, help manage symptoms but can cause serious side effects. A promising new approach involves engineered microbiota-a method that modifies gut bacteria to influence immune function and potentially ease autoimmune conditions. The gut microbiome is crucial in regulating immunity, and imbalances in its composition have been linked to diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Engineered microbiota works by altering microbial communities, either by adding new strains, genetically modifying existing bacteria, or using carefully selected groups of microbes to control inflammation and immune responses. Recent studies in both animal models and human trials suggest this approach could help restore immune tolerance, reduce inflammation, and repair the gut barrier. However, challenges remain, including ensuring safety, long-term effectiveness, and meeting regulatory standards. Despite being in its early stages, engineered microbiota holds great promise as a future treatment for autoimmune diseases, paving the way for more precise and personalized therapies that leverage the power of the microbiome to improve health.
自身免疫性疾病是指免疫系统错误地攻击人体自身组织的疾病，影响着数百万人，通常需要长期治疗。目前的治疗方法，如免疫抑制剂和生物制剂，有助于控制症状，但可能会引起严重的副作用。一种有前景的新方法涉及工程微生物群——一种通过改变肠道细菌来影响免疫功能并可能缓解自身免疫性疾病的方法。肠道微生物群在调节免疫方面至关重要，其组成的失衡与类风湿性关节炎（RA）、多发性硬化症（MS）和炎症性肠病（IBD）等疾病有关。工程微生物群通过改变微生物群落来发挥作用，方法包括添加新菌株、对现有细菌进行基因改造，或使用精心挑选的微生物群来控制炎症和免疫反应。最近在动物模型和人体试验中的研究表明，这种方法有助于恢复免疫耐受、减轻炎症并修复肠道屏障。然而，挑战依然存在，包括确保安全性、长期有效性以及符合监管标准。尽管仍处于早期阶段，但工程微生物群作为自身免疫性疾病的未来治疗方法具有巨大潜力，为利用微生物群的力量改善健康的更精确、个性化疗法铺平了道路。
