Feasibility and outcomes of the direct anterior approach in total hip arthroplasty for obese patients: a systematic review.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) via the direct anterior approach (DAA) is a preferred surgical technique due to its benefits, including reduced soft tissue disruption and faster recovery. However, obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m, poses unique challenges in DAA-THA, increasing the risk of complications and technical difficulties. This systematic review aims to assess the clinical and functional outcomes, complication rates, and reoperation rates in obese patients undergoing DAA-THA compared to non-obese patients. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for studies published between January 2000 and December 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria focused on studies reporting outcomes for obese patients undergoing DAA-THA. Data on functional outcomes, complications, and reoperations were extracted, and methodological quality was evaluated using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score (mCMS). Eleven studies involving 8,062 THAs (3,658 in obese patients, 4,386 in non-obese patients) met the inclusion criteria. Both groups showed significant postoperative improvements in functional outcomes, with similar Harris Hip Scores (HHS) (94.38 in obese vs. 93.85 in non-obese patients). Obese patients, however, had longer surgical times (82.52 vs. 68.82 min) and higher complication rates (5.5% vs. 4.88%), including increased risks of superficial wound infections, periprosthetic joint infections, and deep vein thrombosis. Reoperation rates were also higher in obese patients (1.69% vs. 0.7%). DAA-THA provides comparable functional improvements for obese and non-obese patients. However, the higher complication and reoperation rates in obese patients emphasize the need for preoperative optimization, meticulous surgical technique, and targeted perioperative care. Further high-quality studies with longer follow-up are necessary to refine strategies for optimizing outcomes in obese patients undergoing DAA-THA.