Sharma Neha, Sheikh Zahid Nabi, Guleria Sanjay, Bakshi Parshant, Alfagham Alanoud T, Alotaibi Wasmiah Saud, Alamri Saud, Ashraf Kamran
Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Main Campus Chatha, Jammu , 180009, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Division of Fruit Science, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Main Campus Chatha, Jammu , 180009, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2025 Sep 6. doi: 10.1007/s12010-025-05381-3.
To develop and characterize a chemically modified chitosan-benzoic acid (CS-BA) nanogel for enhanced encapsulation, stability, and controlled release of essential oils with improved antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, the CS-BA nanogel was synthesized via carbodiimide-mediated coupling (EDC) of chitosan with benzoic acid. The nanogel was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for chemical bonding analysis. The encapsulation efficiency of essential oils-Pinus roxburghii (PREO), Pinus wallichiana (PWEO), Cedrus deodara (CDEO), Thuja orientalis (TOEO), Cymbopogon citratus (CCEO), Cymbopogon khasianus (CKEO), and Mentha arvensis (MAEO) was evaluated, and in vitro release studies were conducted over 36 h. The CS-BA nanogel formed uniform spherical nanostructures (~ 1 µm diameter). FTIR confirmed successful covalent coupling via amide linkages. The encapsulation efficiency of the essential oils ranged from 79.70 ± 0.21% to 96.52 ± 0.14%. The nanogel provided sustained and controlled release of essential oils, reducing volatility and enhancing stability. The encapsulated oils exhibited significantly higher antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, maintaining prolonged functional efficacy at lower concentrations. The CS-BA nanogel serves as an efficient delivery system for essential oils, addressing stability and bioavailability challenges. This system holds promise for applications in food preservation, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals, providing a sustainable approach to enhance the functional properties of bioactive compounds.
为了开发和表征一种化学改性的壳聚糖-苯甲酸（CS-BA）纳米凝胶，以增强香精油的包封、稳定性和控释，并改善其抗菌和抗氧化性能，通过壳聚糖与苯甲酸的碳二亚胺介导偶联（EDC）合成了CS-BA纳米凝胶。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对纳米凝胶的形态进行表征，并使用傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱进行化学键分析。评估了香精油——喜马拉雅松（PREO）、乔松（PWEO）、雪松（CDEO）、侧柏（TOEO）、柠檬香茅（CCEO）、卡西香茅（CKEO）和薄荷（MAEO）的包封效率，并进行了36小时的体外释放研究。CS-BA纳米凝胶形成了均匀的球形纳米结构（直径约1μm）。FTIR证实通过酰胺键成功进行了共价偶联。香精油的包封效率范围为79.70±0.21%至96.52±0.14%。纳米凝胶实现了香精油的持续和控释，降低了挥发性并提高了稳定性。包封的香精油表现出显著更高的抗菌和抗氧化活性，在较低浓度下保持了延长的功能功效。CS-BA纳米凝胶作为香精油的高效递送系统，解决了稳定性和生物利用度方面的挑战。该系统在食品保鲜、制药和药妆品领域具有应用前景，为增强生物活性化合物的功能特性提供了一种可持续的方法。
