Vallet A, Grenet N, Gauthier D
Ann Rech Vet. 1985;16(4):297-303.
A survey was carried out in 181 holdings of various production types to measure the influence of calf housing conditions and feeding of cows during late pregnancy on the frequency of calf diarrhea and an oral treatment efficiency. A second objective was to compare the efficiency of the different oral rehydratants used. The frequency of diarrhea was 51%. Slightly more than half the cases occurred during the first week of life. The dam's unadequate feeding increased morbidity (53% versus 47% with adequate feeding). We were unable to measure the efficiency of good housing conditions, because only five holdings fitted the quality criteria which had been initially specified. In the other holdings, the cohabitation was found to be less harmful than separation in bad conditions: too many calves together, too small an area per animal, draughts or deficient air removal. Therapy efficiency was not significantly higher when appropriate feeding was given than with unadequate feeding. Treatment efficiency by an oral rehydratant only was lower with calves which were housed with their dam's than when they were outdoors. Three rehydratants, Electydral ND, Biodiet ND, Ionidiar ND had similar results that were significantly higher than those of the others. With the sodium acetate-based formula, Electydral ND, 30% of the calves recovered when it was given alone for 36 hours, 96% recovered when it was given for 72 hours, combined with oral antibiotic therapy for 36 hours.
对181个不同生产类型的养殖场进行了一项调查，以衡量犊牛饲养条件以及母牛妊娠后期的饲养情况对犊牛腹泻发生率和一种口服治疗效果的影响。第二个目标是比较所使用的不同口服补液剂的效果。腹泻发生率为51%。略多于一半的病例发生在出生后的第一周。母牛饲养不当会增加发病率（饲养得当的发病率为47%，饲养不当的为53%）。我们无法衡量良好饲养条件的效果，因为只有5个养殖场符合最初规定的质量标准。在其他养殖场，发现共同饲养比在恶劣条件下隔离的危害小：犊牛数量过多、每头动物的空间过小、有穿堂风或通风不足。给予适当饲养时的治疗效果并不比饲养不当时显著更高。仅使用口服补液剂对与母牛圈养在一起的犊牛的治疗效果低于将它们放在户外时的治疗效果。三种补液剂，即Electydral ND、Biodiet ND、Ionidiar ND，有相似的结果，显著高于其他补液剂。使用基于醋酸钠配方的Electydral ND时，单独给予36小时，30%的犊牛康复；给予72小时，并结合口服抗生素治疗36小时时，96%的犊牛康复。
