A review of O isotopic labeling techniques for solid-state NMR structural studies of metal oxides in lithium-ion batteries.

Recent advances in utilizing O isotopic labeling methods for solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) investigations of metal oxides for lithium-ion batteries have yielded extensive insights into their structural and dynamic details. Herein, we commence with a brief introduction to recent research on lithium-ion battery oxide materials studied using O solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Then we delve into a review of O isotopic labeling methods for tagging oxygen sites in both the bulk and surfaces of metal oxides. At last, the unresolved problems and the future research directions for advancing the O labeling technique are discussed.