Vescovo Tiziana, Bontempi Giulio, Bayat Mohammadreza, Piredda Lucia, Fidaleo Marco, Strippoli Raffaele, Antonioli Manuela
Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy.
Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2025 Aug 21;13:1608248. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1608248. eCollection 2025.
The human microbiota is composed of a complex community of microorganisms essential for maintaining host homeostasis, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis is linked to various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The microbiota contributes to CRC development and progression by influencing inflammation, genotoxic stress, and key cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation pathways. Certain bacterial species, including and , play a role in tumorigenesis by facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), perturbing autophagy, and supporting immune evasion. In contrast, beneficial microorganisms such as and provide protective effects by boosting immune surveillance and supporting the integrity of the intestinal barrier. This review examines the complex connection between gut microbiota and CRC, emphasizing how changes in microbial composition facilitate tumor development and influence treatment outcomes. We cover recent progress in microbiota-based biomarkers for CRC diagnosis and prognosis, showcasing their promise for early detection and improved patient stratification. Furthermore, we explore microbiota-focused therapeutic methods such as probiotics, prebiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and precision antibiotics, which show potential to complement standard CRC treatments. By highlighting the latest advancements in this area, we emphasise how microbiome research is transforming our comprehension of CRC and leading to new diagnostic and treatment approaches.
人类微生物群是由一个复杂的微生物群落组成，这些微生物对于维持宿主内环境稳定至关重要，尤其是在胃肠道中。新出现的证据表明，微生物群失调与包括结直肠癌（CRC）在内的各种癌症有关。微生物群通过影响炎症、基因毒性应激以及关键的细胞生长、增殖和分化途径，促进结直肠癌的发生和发展。某些细菌种类，包括[具体细菌种类1]和[具体细菌种类2]，通过促进上皮-间质转化（EMT）、扰乱自噬以及支持免疫逃逸，在肿瘤发生中发挥作用。相比之下，有益微生物如[有益微生物1]和[有益微生物2]通过加强免疫监视和维持肠道屏障的完整性提供保护作用。本综述探讨了肠道微生物群与结直肠癌之间的复杂联系，强调了微生物组成的变化如何促进肿瘤发展并影响治疗结果。我们涵盖了基于微生物群的生物标志物在结直肠癌诊断和预后方面的最新进展，展示了它们在早期检测和改善患者分层方面的前景。此外，我们探索了以微生物群为重点的治疗方法，如益生菌、益生元、粪便微生物群移植（FMT）和精准抗生素，这些方法显示出补充标准结直肠癌治疗的潜力。通过强调该领域的最新进展，我们强调了微生物组研究如何正在改变我们对结直肠癌的理解，并带来新的诊断和治疗方法。
