Wound healing and signaling pathways.

Wound healing is a precisely regulated dynamic process in which signaling pathways play a central role. This article provides a comprehensive review of the signaling pathways involved in wound healing, emphasizing their roles in inflammation, vascular regeneration, cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. We further discuss the crosstalk between these pathways and their contributions to wound healing dysregulation. Finally, we explore emerging therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways, including small-molecule inhibitors, gene therapy, and biologics, summarizing their preclinical and clinical efficacy. By elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying wound healing and potential interventions, this review aims to provide valuable insights for future research and translational applications in wound healing.