Skala Tomáš, Ventura Jordi, Morellá-Aucejo Ángela, Fraňková Adéla, Llopis-Lorente Antoni, Bernardos Andrea, Tauchen Jan, Kahánková Zdeňka, Hubka Vít, Klouček Pavel
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia.
Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Aug 21;12:1644502. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1644502. eCollection 2025.
Cannabis compounds are well-known for their therapeutic applications in the treatment of various health issues. These substances, mainly cannabinoids, are known for their antimicrobial properties and ability to interact with various cells through endocannabinoid receptors. However, the limitations of cannabis extract, particularly its viscosity, stickiness, and low bioavailability when applied topically, limit its use in dermatology. To enhance topical applications for treating bacterial infections and dermatophytosis, cannabis extracts were encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles, an easily accessible and cost-effective. Cannabis extracts were prepared from three cannabis strains differing in content of major cannabinoids, namely Chocolope (THCA-A), Jonas 1 (CBDA), and Hemp G (CBGA), and subsequently were encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles. The resulting particles were characterized, and antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity was evaluated. The mean size of particles ranged from 89.1 ± 24.8 nm for empty nanoparticles to 355.6 ± 101.6 nm for particles containing Hemp G extract. Considering the extract:chitosan ratio (1:10 w/w, 1:20 w/w respectively) and the encapsulation efficiency (EE) range from 44.65 ± 4.39% to 94.44 ± 0.93%, total amount of extracts encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles ranged from 2.96 ± 0.05 to 5.61 ± 0.19% in 1 g of chitosan nanopowder. Most significant antimicrobial effect was observed against the fungi CCF 6025, where the MIC of the pure extract from Jonas 1 variety was 256 μg/mL while the encapsulated extract in chitosan nanoparticles (1:10 w/w extract:chitosan ratio) inhibited growth at a concentration of 256 μg/mL of nanoparticles (corresponding to 13.05 ± 0.13 μg/mL of extract). Overall, encapsulation reduced the amount of extract required to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms by up to several times, notably in case of dermatophytes, compared to non-encapsulated extracts. Encapsulation also reduced the cytotoxic effects of the extracts on human keratinocytes. Furthermore, pure high-THCA-A extract and encapsulated extract in chitosan nanoparticles slightly increased cell viability after 72 h exposure in low concentrations compared to control. These results may suggest the chitosan nanoparticles-encapsulated formulations as a suitable topical delivery form of cannabis extracts, offering a possible adjunctive treatment of dermatophytosis and wound healing.
大麻化合物因其在治疗各种健康问题方面的治疗应用而闻名。这些物质，主要是大麻素，以其抗菌特性以及通过内源性大麻素受体与各种细胞相互作用的能力而闻名。然而，大麻提取物存在局限性，特别是其粘度、粘性以及局部应用时的低生物利用度，限制了其在皮肤科的应用。为了增强用于治疗细菌感染和皮肤癣菌病的局部应用，大麻提取物被封装在壳聚糖纳米颗粒中，壳聚糖纳米颗粒易于获取且成本效益高。从三种主要大麻素含量不同的大麻菌株中制备大麻提取物，即巧克力派（THCA-A）、乔纳斯1（CBDA）和大麻G（CBGA），随后将其封装在壳聚糖纳米颗粒中。对所得颗粒进行了表征，并评估了其抗菌和细胞毒性活性。颗粒的平均尺寸范围从空纳米颗粒的89.1±24.8纳米到含有大麻G提取物的颗粒的355.6±101.6纳米。考虑到提取物与壳聚糖的比例（分别为1:10 w/w、1:20 w/w）以及包封效率（EE）范围为44.65±4.39%至94.44±0.93%，1克壳聚糖纳米粉末中封装在壳聚糖纳米颗粒中的提取物总量范围为2.96±0.05%至5.61±0.19%。观察到对真菌CCF 6025的抗菌效果最为显著，其中乔纳斯1品种的纯提取物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为256μg/mL，而壳聚糖纳米颗粒中封装的提取物（提取物与壳聚糖比例为1:10 w/w）在纳米颗粒浓度为256μg/mL（相当于提取物13.05±0.13μg/mL）时抑制生长。总体而言，与未封装的提取物相比，封装使抑制致病微生物生长所需的提取物量减少了数倍，尤其是在皮肤癣菌的情况下。封装还降低了提取物对人角质形成细胞的细胞毒性作用。此外，与对照相比，纯的高THCA-A提取物和壳聚糖纳米颗粒中封装的提取物在低浓度下暴露72小时后略微提高了细胞活力。这些结果可能表明壳聚糖纳米颗粒封装的制剂是大麻提取物合适的局部递送形式，为皮肤癣菌病和伤口愈合提供了一种可能的辅助治疗方法。
