Hu Shiyu, Zhao Yang, Chen Xingyu, Wang Haocheng, Hu Wenjun, Huang Rong, Yang Jian, Niu Chenxi, Guo Xuefei, You Fuping
Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanchong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchong, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2025 Aug 21;15:1603530. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1603530. eCollection 2025.
The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against viral infections. Type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling, in particular, plays a crucial role in mediating antiviral immunity. Here, we identify Betrixaban (BT), a novel small-molecule compound that activates innate immune responses, leading to broad-spectrum antiviral effects. BT induces IFN-β production and upregulates interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), effectively suppressing the replication of multiple viruses, including vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), murine hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), and influenza A virus (IAV). BT's antiviral activity relies on innate immune activation, with IRF3 playing a key role. The antiviral effect was significantly reduced upon loss of ISGs induction, including Mx1 and Mx2. , BT treatment markedly induced IFNB1 expression across multiple mouse tissues and significantly inhibited viral replication in VSV-infected wild-type mice, confirming the essential role of innate antiviral immune activation. These findings establish BT as a potent stimulator of the innate immune system, demonstrating broad-spectrum antiviral potential and highlighting its promise as a therapeutic agent.
先天性免疫系统是抵御病毒感染的第一道防线。特别是I型干扰素(IFN-I)信号传导在介导抗病毒免疫中起着关键作用。在此,我们鉴定出一种新型小分子化合物贝曲西班(BT),它可激活先天性免疫反应,产生广谱抗病毒作用。BT诱导IFN-β产生并上调干扰素刺激基因(ISG),有效抑制多种病毒的复制,包括水泡性口炎病毒(VSV)、单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)、鼠肝炎病毒A59株(MHV-A59)、脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)和甲型流感病毒(IAV)。BT的抗病毒活性依赖于先天性免疫激活,其中IRF3起关键作用。在包括Mx1和Mx2在内的ISG诱导缺失时,抗病毒作用显著降低。此外,BT处理显著诱导了多种小鼠组织中IFNB1的表达,并显著抑制了VSV感染的野生型小鼠中的病毒复制,证实了先天性抗病毒免疫激活的重要作用。这些发现确立了BT作为先天性免疫系统的有效刺激剂,证明了其广谱抗病毒潜力,并突出了其作为治疗剂的前景。