Kojima Yuki, Endo Shinya, Hirabayashi Kazuya
Anesthesiology, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi, JPN.
Cureus. 2025 Aug 5;17(8):e89393. doi: 10.7759/cureus.89393. eCollection 2025 Aug.
Awake tracheal intubation (ATI) is a crucial technique for difficult airway management, particularly in patients with obesity, restricted neck movement, or upper airway abnormalities. Despite its efficacy, ATI is often avoided because of the technical challenges and stress it imposes on patients and anesthesiologists. We describe a new method, termed "intubation maintaining spontaneous breathing with three nerve blocks technique" (3N technique), which leverages nerve blocks to suppress reflexes, preserve spontaneous breathing, and facilitate smooth intubation. The 3N technique requires minimal equipment and staff, thus reducing procedural stress and time. This new approach combines ultrasound-guided selective glossopharyngeal nerve block, superior laryngeal nerve block, and translaryngeal block. The data collected included the time from anesthesia initiation to intubation, types and dosages of sedatives and analgesics, patient discomfort during induction, and memory at induction. In our retrospective analysis of 18 cases, no patient experienced discomfort or remembered the procedure, and intubation was completed in an average of 16 minutes. Although the 3N technique is not suitable for patients with a full stomach or pediatric cases, it is broadly applicable and offers a safer and simpler alternative to conventional ATI methods, especially in patients with difficult airway management.
清醒气管插管(ATI)是困难气道管理的一项关键技术,尤其适用于肥胖、颈部活动受限或上气道异常的患者。尽管其疗效显著,但由于技术挑战以及给患者和麻醉医生带来的压力,ATI常常被避免使用。我们描述了一种新方法,称为“三神经阻滞技术维持自主呼吸插管法”(3N技术),该方法利用神经阻滞来抑制反射、维持自主呼吸并促进顺利插管。3N技术所需设备和人员最少,从而降低了操作压力和时间。这种新方法结合了超声引导下选择性舌咽神经阻滞、喉上神经阻滞和经喉阻滞。收集的数据包括从麻醉开始到插管的时间、镇静剂和镇痛药的类型及剂量、诱导期间患者的不适情况以及诱导时的记忆情况。在我们对18例病例的回顾性分析中,没有患者感到不适或记得该操作过程,平均16分钟完成插管。尽管3N技术不适用于饱胃患者或儿科病例,但它具有广泛的适用性,并且为传统ATI方法提供了一种更安全、更简单的替代方法,尤其适用于困难气道管理的患者。