Apuy Rodríguez Fiorella, Chacón Quirós Melissa, Alvarado Fernández María Laura, Alvarado Mora María Luisa, Vanegas Navarro Paula
Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, CRI.
Cureus. 2025 Aug 6;17(8):e89487. doi: 10.7759/cureus.89487. eCollection 2025 Aug.
The ocular surface microbiome (OSM) is a low-density, low-diversity microbial ecosystem influenced by host and environmental factors, including age, hygiene, contact lens use, and systemic disease. Unlike other mucosal sites, the eye lacks a well-defined core microbiome, and its microbial composition varies significantly between individuals. Advances in metagenomics have revealed that commensals such as and may contribute to immune regulation and homeostasis. Dysbiosis has been linked to ocular surface disorders, such as dry eye disease (DED), allergic conjunctivitis (AC), and contact lens-related inflammation, with shifts in microbial abundance and diversity. Continued research is needed to define resident versus transient species and to develop microbiome-based diagnostics and therapies.
眼表微生物群（OSM）是一个低密度、低多样性的微生物生态系统，受宿主和环境因素影响，包括年龄、卫生状况、隐形眼镜使用情况和全身性疾病。与其他黏膜部位不同，眼睛缺乏明确的核心微生物群，其微生物组成在个体之间差异很大。宏基因组学的进展表明，诸如[具体微生物名称缺失]等共生菌可能有助于免疫调节和体内平衡。生态失调与眼表疾病有关，如干眼病（DED）、过敏性结膜炎（AC）和与隐形眼镜相关的炎症，微生物丰度和多样性会发生变化。需要持续开展研究来界定常驻物种与暂居物种，并开发基于微生物群的诊断方法和治疗手段。
