Negrini Clara, Baccouri Hadhemi, Monteiro Alessandra, Lo Verso Luca, Trevisi Paolo, Létourneau-Montminy Marie-Pierre, Guay Frédéric
Department of Agro-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
Department of Animal Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
J Anim Sci. 2025 Sep 8. doi: 10.1093/jas/skaf314.
In pig production, weaning is a critical period where piglets face several environmental stressors. This transition leads to a significant growth reduction and can result in digestive disorders, including diarrhea. To formulate a feed that meets zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) requirements during the weaning period while minimizing their release into the environment, it became evident that a more bioavailable micro-mineral supplement is necessary. This project aimed to evaluate two sources of Zn (standard oxides and potentiated oxide (ZnO)) and Cu (sulphate and monovalent Cu), on the growth performance, intestinal health (inflammation, barrier function, mucosal stress), and microbiota abundance and composition of weaned piglets. At weaning (21 days), 135 piglets were selected. The experimental diets were composed as follows: basal diet with the addition of: 1) Negative control (NC): 150 mg/kg ZnO and 150 mg/kg Cu (sulphate); 2) Positive control (PC): 2,600 mg/kg ZnO and 150 mg/kg Cu (sulphate); 3) SpEU: 150 mg/kg potentiated form of ZnO (HiZox®) and 150 mg/kg monovalent Cu oxide (CoRouge®); 4) SpCA: 300 mg/kg potentiated ZnO and 150 mg/kg monovalent Cu. The experimental diets were provided for 14 days (phase 1) post-weaning. Subsequently, all piglets received the same diets for phase 2 (14-28 days) and phase 3 (28-42 days). Piglets were weighed at weaning and on days (d) 14, 28, and 42. At d7 and d14, blood was collected for intestinal health status marker analyses. At d14, fecal samples were collected to assess the effects on microbiota, calprotectin, and neopterin. In the first phase, average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (P = 0.001) resulted in higher outcomes in the PC group. Feed conversion was higher in the SpEU and SpCA groups (P = 0.002). For the overall performance, however, highest ADG were observed in both the PC and SpCA groups (P = 0.001). The citrulline was found to be higher in the NC group (P = 0.002). The diamine oxidase was higher in SpCA than PC group (P = 0.008). Zinc concentrations in feces and serum were higher for PC treatment (P = 0001, P = 0.037, respectively). From the results it was possible to confirm the positive effects of the administration of 300 mg/kg of the potentiated ZnO and 150 mg/kg monovalent copper oxide could be a valid substitute of pharmacological ZnO.
在养猪生产中，断奶是一个关键时期，仔猪会面临多种环境应激源。这种转变会导致显著的生长减缓，并可能引发消化系统紊乱，包括腹泻。为了配制一种在断奶期满足锌（Zn）和铜（Cu）需求同时尽量减少它们向环境中释放的饲料，显然需要一种生物利用率更高的微量矿物质补充剂。本项目旨在评估两种锌源（标准氧化物和强化氧化物（ZnO））以及两种铜源（硫酸盐和一价铜）对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道健康（炎症、屏障功能、黏膜应激）以及微生物群丰度和组成的影响。在断奶时（21日龄），挑选了135头仔猪。实验日粮组成如下：基础日粮添加：1）阴性对照（NC）：150毫克/千克ZnO和150毫克/千克Cu（硫酸盐）；2）阳性对照（PC）：2600毫克/千克ZnO和150毫克/千克Cu（硫酸盐）；3）SpEU：150毫克/千克强化形式的ZnO（HiZox®）和150毫克/千克一价氧化铜（CoRouge®）；4）SpCA：300毫克/千克强化ZnO和150毫克/千克一价铜。断奶后提供实验日粮14天（第1阶段）。随后，所有仔猪在第2阶段（14 - 28日龄）和第3阶段（28 - 42日龄）接受相同日粮。在断奶时以及第14、28和42天对仔猪称重。在第7天和第14天采集血液用于肠道健康状况标志物分析。在第14天采集粪便样本以评估对微生物群、钙卫蛋白和新蝶呤的影响。在第一阶段，平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（P = 0.001）在PC组中结果更高。SpEU组和SpCA组的饲料转化率更高（P = 0.002）。然而，就整体性能而言，PC组和SpCA组的ADG最高（P = 0.001）。发现NC组的瓜氨酸更高（P = 0.002）。SpCA组的二胺氧化酶高于PC组（P = 0.008）。PC处理组粪便和血清中的锌浓度更高（分别为P = 0.001，P = 0.037）。从结果可以确认，给予300毫克/千克强化ZnO和150毫克/千克一价氧化铜可能是药理学ZnO的有效替代品。
