Effect of Jiuwei Zhenxin granules on serum TREM1 expression and its regulatory role in depression and anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease.

This study explored the effects of Jiuwei Zhenxin (JWZX) granules on serum triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) levels and their role in regulating depression and anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). A total of 100 CHD patients were enrolled from January 2020 to January 2023: 50 received JWZX granules and 50 underwent conventional treatment. Clinical data and psychological scores were collected. Serum TREM1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after 3 months of treatment. Major adverse cardiovascular events were tracked during 1-year follow-up. JWZX significantly reduced Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Self-rating Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores. Compared to controls, the JWZX group showed lower TREM1 and higher brain-derived neurotrophic factor and 5-HT levels. TREM1 was negatively correlated with 5-HT and positively with depression scores. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed TREM1 had moderate predictive value for major adverse cardiovascular events (area under the curve: 0.689; cutoff: 66.39 pg/mL). Logistic regression identified TREM1, 5-HT, and JWZX as significant predictors of prognosis. JWZX granules improved mood symptoms and prognosis in CHD patients by modulating TREM1 and related biomarkers. Serum TREM1 may serve as a biomarker for cardiovascular risk and treatment response.