Responsive Nano-structured Cubosomes: Advancements and Therapeutic Applications.

Nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery, which offers innovative ways to maximize treatment efficacy while decreasing side effects. The lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LLCNP), such as cubosomes and hexosomes, have gained substantial interest because of their distinctive molecular arrangements. Lipophilic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic drugs can be encapsulated by cubosomes, making them versatile carriers in drug delivery systems. Different types of cubosomes, such as pH-responsive, temperature-responsive, light-responsive, enzyme-responsive, and multi-stimuli-responsive, have been discussed in this review detailing their preparation methods and therapeutic applications. Cubosomes possess high surface area, are biocompatible, and provide enhanced drug protection. However, formulation stability and scalability are the main challenges. This paper highlights the potential of cubosomes for targeted drug delivery, focusing on their ability to optimize bioavailability and controlled drug release.