Yata Akiko, Ohta Ryuichi, Ryu Yoshinori, Iwashita Yoshiaki, Sano Chiaki
Nursing, Community Nurse Company, Unnan, JPN.
Community Care, Unnan City Hospital, Unnan, JPN.
Cureus. 2025 Aug 7;17(8):e89575. doi: 10.7759/cureus.89575. eCollection 2025 Aug.
This systematic review synthesized findings from 17 studies conducted between 2000 and 2024, focusing on the definitions, interventions, and outcomes associated with community nursing. The studies originated from diverse countries, including Singapore, Australia, Italy, Portugal, and the United States, and employed various designs such as quasi-experimental trials, pre-post evaluations, and descriptive studies. Sample sizes ranged from 23 to over 1,600 participants, with most targeting older adults or individuals with chronic conditions. Definitions of community nursing varied, reflecting differences in national healthcare systems. Still, common features included nurse-led services focused on prevention, self-management support, and care coordination in non-hospital settings. Interventions ranged from short-term health fairs to long-term, structured programs, often including health assessments, lifestyle coaching, medication adherence support, and caregiver education. Outcomes were grouped into four categories: healthcare service utilization, patient-reported outcomes, clinical indicators, and quality of life. Notably, one large-scale program in Singapore reported a 23% reduction in emergency department visits. Other studies documented increases in self-monitoring behavior, improved self-efficacy, and greater patient satisfaction. However, limitations included small sample sizes, non-randomized designs, and reliance on self-reported data. Despite these constraints, the review highlights the potential of community nursing to improve individual health outcomes and reduce healthcare system burdens.
本系统评价综合了2000年至2024年间开展的17项研究的结果，重点关注与社区护理相关的定义、干预措施和结果。这些研究来自不同国家，包括新加坡、澳大利亚、意大利、葡萄牙和美国，采用了多种设计，如准实验性试验、前后评估和描述性研究。样本量从23名参与者到1600多名参与者不等，大多数针对老年人或慢性病患者。社区护理的定义各不相同，反映了各国医疗保健系统的差异。不过，共同特点包括由护士主导的服务，侧重于非医院环境中的预防、自我管理支持和护理协调。干预措施从短期健康博览会到长期结构化项目不等，通常包括健康评估、生活方式指导、药物依从性支持和护理人员教育。结果分为四类：医疗服务利用、患者报告的结果、临床指标和生活质量。值得注意的是，新加坡的一项大型项目报告称急诊就诊次数减少了23%。其他研究记录了自我监测行为的增加、自我效能的提高和患者满意度的提升。然而，局限性包括样本量小、非随机设计以及依赖自我报告数据。尽管存在这些限制，但该评价突出了社区护理在改善个体健康结果和减轻医疗保健系统负担方面的潜力。
