Colosimo Simone, Indolfi Cristiana, Frattolillo Vittoria, Mondillo Gianluca, Perrotta Alessandra, Masino Mariapia, Decimo Fabio, Miraglia Del Giudice Michele
Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, AOU University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
Clin Transl Allergy. 2025 Sep;15(9):e70098. doi: 10.1002/clt2.70098.
Fel d 1, the primary allergen produced by cats, is a glycoprotein found mainly in their salivary and sebaceous glands. Due to its small size and stability, it easily becomes airborne and adheres to surfaces, posing a persistent problem for allergic individuals.
This article reviews innovative strategies aimed at reducing Fel d 1 expression and exposure and mitigating its allergic effects on humans.
A key approach involves dietary supplementation with chicken egg-derived IgY antibodies specific to Fel d 1. These antibodies neutralize the allergen in the saliva, significantly reducing its transfer to the fur and environmental presence, with clinical studies showing a notable decrease in nasal symptoms among allergic individuals. Additional dietary factors, such as omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, and low-glycemic index foods, may further modulate allergen production via hormonal and sebaceous pathways. Immunotherapy options include the Fel-CuMV vaccine for cats and human-targeted treatments with monoclonal antibodies like REGN1908-1909, both of which demonstrate significant reductions in allergic symptoms. Genetic modification and hormonal manipulation (e.g., neutering) offer further avenues to lower Fel d 1 expression. Environmental strategies, including HEPA filters and protease treatments, can also help reduce allergen load in households.
Together, these approaches form a multifaceted framework for managing cat allergies, potentially allowing allergic individuals to coexist with their pets. Future research should aim to optimize these interventions and explore synergistic combinations to achieve more effective and personalized allergy management.
This review summarizes innovative methods for reducing Fel d 1 production in cats, including genetic, immunological and dietary approaches, with potential implications for allergy prevention in humans.
猫产生的主要过敏原Fel d 1是一种糖蛋白，主要存在于它们的唾液腺和皮脂腺中。由于其体积小且稳定，它很容易悬浮在空气中并附着在物体表面，给过敏个体带来持续的问题。
本文综述了旨在降低Fel d 1表达和暴露以及减轻其对人类过敏影响的创新策略。
一种关键方法是通过饮食补充针对Fel d 1的鸡蛋源免疫球蛋白Y（IgY）抗体。这些抗体可中和唾液中的过敏原，显著减少其转移到毛发上以及在环境中的存在，临床研究表明过敏个体的鼻部症状明显减轻。其他饮食因素，如ω-3脂肪酸、多酚和低血糖指数食物，可能通过激素和皮脂腺途径进一步调节过敏原的产生。免疫疗法选项包括针对猫的Fel-CuMV疫苗以及使用REGN1908-1909等单克隆抗体的针对人类的治疗方法，两者均显示过敏症状显著减轻。基因改造和激素操纵（如绝育）为降低Fel d 1表达提供了更多途径。环境策略，包括高效空气过滤器（HEPA）和蛋白酶处理，也有助于减少家庭中的过敏原负荷。
这些方法共同构成了一个多方面的框架来管理猫过敏，有可能使过敏个体与他们的宠物共存。未来的研究应旨在优化这些干预措施并探索协同组合，以实现更有效和个性化的过敏管理。
本综述总结了降低猫体内Fel d 1产生的创新方法，包括基因、免疫和饮食方法，对人类过敏预防具有潜在意义。
