Hou Zhenhao, Liu Xingdan, Zhang Xianming, Tan Ji, Liu Xuanyong
State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
BME Front. 2025 Sep 8;6:0173. doi: 10.34133/bmef.0173. eCollection 2025.
This work aims to construct a functional titanium surface with spontaneous electrical stimulation for immune osteogenesis and antibacteria. A silver-calcium micro-galvanic cell was engineered on the titanium implant surface to spontaneously generate microcurrents for osteoimmunomodulation and bacteria killing, which provides a promising strategy for the design of a multifunctional electroactive titanium implant. Titanium-based implants are usually bioinert, which often leads to inflammation-induced loosening. Electrical stimulation has therapeutic potential; however, its dependence on external devices limits its clinical application. Therefore, designing an electroactive titanium surface with endogenous electrical stimulation capability is a promising strategy to overcome implant failure induced by inflammation. The silver-calcium micro-galvanic cell was constructed on titanium substrate surfaces by the ion implantation technique. RAW264.7 and MC3T3-E1 were used for cell culture studies with the material to evaluate immunomodulatory and osteogenic abilities of the implant. The expression levels of inflammatory genes and voltage-gated Ca channel-related genes were tested for investigating the mechanism of immunoregulation. The antibacterial properties of the modified titanium were assessed. Finally, its immunomodulatory effects in vivo were verified by a mouse subcutaneous inflammation model. The silver-calcium micro-galvanic modified titanium surface generates microcurrents and releases Ca, which induces macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and promotes osteogenic differentiation via paracrine signaling, exhibiting excellent antibacterial activity. The silver-calcium micro-galvanic cell on titanium could regulate the immune response to promote bone repair and exhibit antibacterial capabilities through noninvasive electrical stimulation, providing a promising strategy for the design of multifunctional electroactive implant surfaces.
这项工作旨在构建具有自发电刺激功能的钛表面，以促进免疫性骨生成和抗菌。在钛植入物表面构建了银钙微原电池，以自发产生微电流用于骨免疫调节和杀菌，这为多功能电活性钛植入物的设计提供了一种有前景的策略。钛基植入物通常具有生物惰性，这常常导致炎症诱导的松动。电刺激具有治疗潜力；然而，其对外部设备的依赖限制了其临床应用。因此，设计具有内源性电刺激能力的电活性钛表面是克服炎症引起的植入物失败的一种有前景的策略。通过离子注入技术在钛基底表面构建了银钙微原电池。使用RAW264.7和MC3T3-E1细胞与该材料进行细胞培养研究，以评估植入物的免疫调节和成骨能力。检测炎症基因和电压门控钙通道相关基因的表达水平，以研究免疫调节机制。评估改性钛的抗菌性能。最后，通过小鼠皮下炎症模型验证其在体内的免疫调节作用。银钙微原电池改性的钛表面产生微电流并释放钙，通过旁分泌信号诱导巨噬细胞向M2表型极化并促进成骨分化，表现出优异的抗菌活性。钛表面的银钙微原电池可通过非侵入性电刺激调节免疫反应以促进骨修复并展现抗菌能力，为多功能电活性植入物表面的设计提供了一种有前景的策略。
