Pajar Jessil Ann, Leonar April Lyn, Otto Pius, Hanschen Franziska Sabine, Döll Stefanie, van Dam Nicole M
Leibniz Institute for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Großbeeren, Germany.
Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
J Chem Ecol. 2025 Sep 10;51(5):90. doi: 10.1007/s10886-025-01637-8.
Plant roots are exposed to various organisms that significantly impact plant productivity. Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) such as Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp. are microscopic roundworms that damage several crops. In natural populations, M. incognita and P. penetrans were found to infest black mustard (Brassica nigra) plants simultaneously. Considering their different feeding strategies and contrasting effects on plant defense responses, we hypothesized that dual infection may affect each nematode's performance via changes in the root metabolome. Using untargeted and targeted metabolomics, we evaluated how single and dual nematode infections affected B. nigra root metabolome. We combined these metabolic data with measures of early infection success. At three days post-inoculation, dual infection increased M. incognita penetration success, while that of P. penetrans remained unaffected. Compared to single-species infections, dual infections resulted in distinct root metabolic changes by reducing indole glucosinolates (GSL), gluconasturtiin, lignans, and phenylpropanoids. Dual and single-species infections affected different GSL classes. The allyl GSL, sinigrin and its breakdown products increased in P. penetrans-infected plants, while gluconasturtiin and 2-phenylethyl ITC increased in M. incognita-infected plants. This shows that plant defense response to dual nematode infection differ from those of single species, which has consequences to the early infection success of each nematode species.
植物根系会接触到各种对植物生产力有显著影响的生物。植物寄生线虫（PPNs），如根结线虫属（Meloidogyne spp.）和短体线虫属（Pratylenchus spp.），是会损害多种作物的微小线虫。在自然种群中，发现南方根结线虫（M. incognita）和穿刺短体线虫（P. penetrans）会同时侵染黑芥（Brassica nigra）植株。考虑到它们不同的取食策略以及对植物防御反应的不同影响，我们推测双重感染可能会通过根代谢组的变化影响每种线虫的表现。我们使用非靶向和靶向代谢组学方法，评估了单一线虫感染和双重线虫感染如何影响黑芥根代谢组。我们将这些代谢数据与早期感染成功的指标相结合。接种后三天，双重感染提高了南方根结线虫的穿透成功率，而穿刺短体线虫的穿透成功率则不受影响。与单种线虫感染相比，双重感染通过减少吲哚硫代葡萄糖苷（GSL）、葡糖芥苷、木脂素和苯丙烷类化合物，导致了明显的根代谢变化。双重感染和单种线虫感染影响不同的GSL类别。在穿刺短体线虫感染的植株中，烯丙基GSL、黑芥子硫苷及其分解产物增加，而在南方根结线虫感染的植株中，葡糖芥苷和2-苯乙基异硫氰酸酯增加。这表明植物对双重线虫感染的防御反应不同于单种线虫感染，这对每种线虫的早期感染成功产生了影响。
