Karakehian Jason M, Miller Andrew N, Harrington Alison H
Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA.
Mycologia. 2025 Sep 10:1-50. doi: 10.1080/00275514.2025.2516370.
Marthamycetales species are widely distributed, non-lichenized, apothecial ascomycetes that are associated with various woody plants and grasses. Most species are presumed to be saprobes, although a few are pathogens. Apothecia are small and erumpent, with farinose discs that are encircled by ragged, projecting flaps of degraded plant tissue. Marthamycetales is placed in Leotiomycetes and currently circumscribes nine genera: , and . However, because representative species of four genera have not been sampled in previous phylogenetic studies, the circumscription of the order and evolutionary relationships of taxa within it have remained unclear. In this contribution, we obtained a complete sampling of the types of all nine genera. We assembled a four-locus data set and performed maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Our results are congruent with previous analyses: Marthamycetales is phylogenetically isolated within Leotiomycetes and is composed of two distinct, well-supported clades. One clade includes primarily filiform-spored, leaf-inhabiting species in Marthamycetaceae sensu stricto, whereas the second clade includes primarily cylindrical/elliptical-spored, woody tissue-inhabiting species. We name this latter clade Propoliaceae, fam. nov. Sequences of , type of the genus, group within this Propoliaceae clade. is excluded from Marthamycetales and placed in Arachnopezizaceae, Helotiales. is synonymized under , and the new combination is proposed. Lectotypes are designated for and . A revised and expanded description of Marthamycetales is provided, along with diagnoses for Marthamycetaceae and Propoliaceae. is placed in Leotiomycetes based on the first published sequences of this species. However, its ordinal-level phylogenetic relationships remain unknown. Our results provide a taxonomic framework for future studies in the diversity and ecology of Marthamycetales and a starting point for future work on the phylogenetic classification and global diversity of the genus .
马瑟盘菌目物种广泛分布，为非地衣化、具子囊盘的子囊菌，与各种木本植物和草本植物相关。大多数物种被认为是腐生菌，不过有少数是病原菌。子囊盘小且突破外露，具粉质圆盘，被破碎、突出的退化植物组织瓣所环绕。马瑟盘菌目被置于柔膜菌纲，目前包含九个属： 、 以及 。然而，由于在以往的系统发育研究中未对四个属的代表物种进行采样，该目的界定及其内部分类群的进化关系仍不明确。在本研究中，我们对所有九个属的模式种进行了全面采样。我们构建了一个包含四个基因座的数据集，并进行了最大似然法和贝叶斯系统发育分析。我们的结果与先前的分析一致：马瑟盘菌目在柔膜菌纲中在系统发育上是孤立的，由两个不同的、得到充分支持的分支组成。一个分支主要包括狭义马瑟盘菌科中具丝状孢子、栖息于叶片的物种，而第二个分支主要包括具圆柱形/椭圆形孢子、栖息于木质组织的物种。我们将后一个分支命名为蜂胶盘菌科（Propoliaceae），新科。 属的模式种 的序列在这个蜂胶盘菌科分支内。 被排除出马瑟盘菌目，置于锤舌菌纲蛛网膜盘菌科。 被同义化为 ，并提出新组合 。为 和 指定了后选模式。提供了马瑟盘菌目的修订和扩展描述，以及马瑟盘菌科和蜂胶盘菌科的诊断。 根据该物种首次发表的序列被置于柔膜菌纲。然而，其目级系统发育关系仍不清楚。我们的结果为马瑟盘菌目多样性和生态学的未来研究提供了一个分类框架，也是该属系统发育分类和全球多样性未来研究的起点。
