Zhang Fan, Ding Kang, Zhang Lin-Mei, Liu Dong-Yao, Dong Xin, Wang Man-Ni, Zhou Fu-Lin, Sun Yi-Wei, Zhang Wei-Ku, Yan Yu, He Jun, Xu Jie-Kun
School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
Ageing Res Rev. 2025 Dec;112:102894. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2025.102894. Epub 2025 Sep 8.
The vast microbial community residing in the gut is known as the gut microbiota (GM). Alterations in the compositional equilibrium of the GM, a phenomenon termed GM dysbiosis, have been increasingly associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, particularly neuropsychiatric disorders. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) serves as a bidirectional communication system that connects the gut to the brain. Notably, several prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), collectively affect over one billion individuals globally. Emerging scientific evidence has consistently demonstrated the presence of GM dysbiosis in various neuropsychiatric disorders, suggesting a potential etiological role of GM in these conditions through MGBA-mediated mechanisms. In this comprehensive review, we systematically discussed the GM and MGBA, and presented evidence from both animal and human studies that highlighted the significance of GM in the occurrence and development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Subsequently, we emphasized the potential impact of GM and its metabolites on neuropsychiatric disorders. Next, we summarized the drugs used to treat diseases by regulating the GM. Finally, we proposed strategies to ameliorate the malignant progression of neuropsychiatric disorders by manipulating the composition of the GM. These strategies encompass the application of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and dietary interventions. Collectively, targeted GM therapy has the potential to be an effective treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders.
存在于肠道中的庞大微生物群落被称为肠道微生物群（GM）。GM组成平衡的改变，即所谓的GM失调现象，越来越多地与各种疾病的发病机制相关，尤其是神经精神疾病。微生物-肠道-脑轴（MGBA）是一个将肠道与大脑连接起来的双向通信系统。值得注意的是，包括抑郁症、阿尔茨海默病（AD）和帕金森病（PD）在内的几种常见神经精神疾病，全球共有超过10亿人受到影响。新出现的科学证据一致表明，各种神经精神疾病中存在GM失调，这表明GM通过MGBA介导的机制在这些疾病中可能具有病因学作用。在这篇全面综述中，我们系统地讨论了GM和MGBA，并展示了来自动物和人类研究的证据，这些证据突出了GM在神经精神疾病发生和发展中的重要性。随后，我们强调了GM及其代谢产物对神经精神疾病的潜在影响。接下来，我们总结了通过调节GM来治疗疾病的药物。最后，我们提出了通过操纵GM组成来改善神经精神疾病恶性进展的策略。这些策略包括益生菌、益生元、合生元、后生元、粪便微生物群移植（FMT）和饮食干预的应用。总的来说，靶向GM治疗有可能成为治疗神经精神疾病的有效方法。
