Wang Mengxia, Ma Yan, Zeng Bao, Yang Wenhao, Huang Cuihong, Tang Benqin
Department of Medical Science, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan, China.
Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol. 2024 Dec 13. doi: 10.2174/0127724328335219241202142003.
The two-way communication between intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system (the microbiota-gut-brain axis) is involved in the regulation of brain function, neurodevelopment, and aging. The microbiota-gut-brain axis dysfunction may be a predisposition factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and other neurological diseases. However, it is not clear whether gut microbiota dysfunction contributes to neuropsychiatric disorders. Changes in the gut microbiota may modulate or modify the effects of environmental factors on neuropsychiatric disorders. Factors that impact neuropsychiatric disorders also influence the gut microbiota, including diet patterns, exercise, stress and functional gastrointestinal disorders. These factors change microbiome composition and function, along with the metabolism and immune responses that cause neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we summarized epidemiological and laboratory evidence for the influence of the gut microbiota, metabolism and environmental factors on neuropsychiatric disorders incidence and outcomes. Furthermore, the role of gut microbiota in the two-way interaction between the gut and the brain was also reviewed, including the vagus nerve, microbial metabolism, and immuno-inflammatory responses. We also considered the therapeutic strategies that target gut microbiota in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, including prebiotics, probiotics, Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), and antibiotics. Based on these data, possible strategies for microbiota-targeted intervention could improve people's lives and prevent neuropsychiatric disorders in the future.
肠道微生物群与中枢神经系统之间的双向通信（微生物群-肠-脑轴）参与大脑功能、神经发育和衰老的调节。微生物群-肠-脑轴功能障碍可能是帕金森病（PD）、阿尔茨海默病（AD）、自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和其他神经疾病的一个易感因素。然而，尚不清楚肠道微生物群功能障碍是否会导致神经精神疾病。肠道微生物群的变化可能会调节或改变环境因素对神经精神疾病的影响。影响神经精神疾病的因素也会影响肠道微生物群，包括饮食模式、运动、压力和功能性胃肠疾病。这些因素会改变微生物组的组成和功能，以及导致神经精神疾病的代谢和免疫反应。在本综述中，我们总结了肠道微生物群、代谢和环境因素对神经精神疾病发病率和转归影响的流行病学和实验室证据。此外，还综述了肠道微生物群在肠道与大脑双向相互作用中的作用，包括迷走神经、微生物代谢和免疫炎症反应。我们还考虑了在神经精神疾病治疗中针对肠道微生物群的治疗策略，包括益生元、益生菌、粪便微生物群移植（FMT）和抗生素。基于这些数据，针对微生物群的干预策略可能会改善人们的生活，并在未来预防神经精神疾病。
